英國(guó)研究人員日前說(shuō),,他們找到了某些海洋微生物特有的基因。正是這種基因的獨(dú)特機(jī)制產(chǎn)生了形成海腥味的氣體,。
科學(xué)家此前知道,,海洋生物死亡的地方往往可以找到一些細(xì)菌。這些微生物以海洋生物腐爛后的殘?jiān)鼮槭澄?,將這些殘?jiān)纸?,產(chǎn)生二甲基硫醚氣體。二甲基硫醚又名甲硫醚或二甲硫,,就是它造就了帶有獨(dú)特腥味的海洋氣息,。
英國(guó)東英吉利大學(xué)研究人員安德魯·約翰斯頓說(shuō),雖然科學(xué)家早就知道許多微生物(細(xì)菌)能夠制造二甲基硫醚,,但卻從來(lái)沒(méi)人想到要問(wèn)它們究竟如何制造,,他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組就要揭開(kāi)這一謎團(tuán)。
約翰斯頓研究小組從英國(guó)一些海濱濕地提取了淤泥樣本,,從中分離出一種能夠制造二甲基硫醚的新微生物,。通過(guò)對(duì)這種微生物進(jìn)行基因測(cè)序,并與其他已知能夠制造二甲基硫醚的微生物基因序列加以比較,,確定了與二甲基硫醚產(chǎn)生相關(guān)的基因,。
研究人員原本以為只是一種酶控制著二甲基硫醚的產(chǎn)生,但研究結(jié)果卻表明,,這些微生物中控制二甲基硫醚制造過(guò)程的機(jī)制居然有“開(kāi)關(guān),。只有在它們身邊出現(xiàn)海洋生物腐爛的殘?jiān)鼤r(shí),制造海洋氣息的“開(kāi)關(guān)”才會(huì)打開(kāi),。
約翰斯頓說(shuō),,這項(xiàng)研究的意義在于,大海上每年都會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的二甲基硫醚,,這種氣體能夠影響海面上空云的形成,,進(jìn)而能夠?qū)Φ厍驓夂虍a(chǎn)生影響。
一些海鳥(niǎo)也依賴二甲基硫醚作為尋找食物的線索,。約翰斯頓在野外工作中就曾因?yàn)榇蜷_(kāi)裝有能夠制造二甲基硫醚的細(xì)菌的瓶子,,結(jié)果招來(lái)一群饑餓的海鳥(niǎo),。
這項(xiàng)研究成果發(fā)表在2日出版的美國(guó)《科學(xué)》雜志上。
部分英文原文:
Structural and Regulatory Genes Required to Make the Gas Dimethyl Sulfide in Bacteria
Jonathan D. Todd, Rachel Rogers, You Guo Li, Margaret Wexler,1 Philip L. Bond, Lei Sun,Andrew R. J. Curson, Gill Malin, Michael Steinke,Andrew W. B. Johnston
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a key compound in global sulfur and carbon cycles. DMS oxidation products cause cloud nucleation and may affect weather and climate. DMS is generated largely by bacterial catabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a secondary metabolite made by marine algae. We demonstrate that the bacterial gene dddD is required for this process and that its transcription is induced by the DMSP substrate. Cloned dddD from the marine bacterium Marinomonas and from two bacterial strains that associate with higher plants, the N2-fixing symbiont Rhizobium NGR234 and the root-colonizing Burkholderia cepacia AMMD, conferred to Escherichia coli the ability to make DMS from DMSP. The inferred enzymatic mechanism for DMS liberation involves an initial step in which DMSP is modified by addition of acyl coenzyme A, rather than the immediate release of DMS by a DMSP lyase, the previously suggested mechanism.
更多原文鏈接:http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/315/5812/666