生物谷報(bào)道:美國科學(xué)家近日通過研究,揭示了細(xì)菌怎樣確保對從外界進(jìn)入的成千上百個信號作出正確的響應(yīng),,并成功地“重新連接”了控制這些反應(yīng)的細(xì)胞通訊路徑,。這一研究提升了改造細(xì)菌以作為探測化學(xué)污染傳感器的可能性。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在6月13日的《細(xì)胞》(Cell)雜志上。
在大多數(shù)例子中,,通訊路徑包括兩種蛋白。第一種蛋白稱為組氨酸激酶,,接收外部信號,,接著它激活第二種蛋白,稱為應(yīng)答調(diào)控子(response regulator),。
非常關(guān)鍵的是,,每個組氨酸激酶只激活適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答調(diào)控子。不同的組氨酸激酶及應(yīng)答調(diào)控子蛋白在結(jié)構(gòu)上經(jīng)常非常相似,,所以科學(xué)家一直想弄清細(xì)胞怎樣避免路徑之間的串?dāng)_,。
在最新的研究中,美國麻省理工學(xué)院的Michael Laub和同事分析了大約200種細(xì)菌的基因組,,它們具有幾百種不同的路徑對不同的外部刺激作出響應(yīng),。營養(yǎng)、抗生素,、溫度及光能喚起多種響應(yīng),,包括特殊基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄。
根據(jù)之前的研究,,研究人員總結(jié)認(rèn)為,,交互作用的特異性是由組氨酸激酶上的氨基酸以及應(yīng)答調(diào)控子上相應(yīng)的氨基酸所決定的。
為了證實(shí)這種理論,,研究人員在近1300對蛋白對(組氨酸激酶及其目標(biāo)應(yīng)答調(diào)控子)中尋找氨基酸共同進(jìn)化的模式,。當(dāng)?shù)鞍讓χ械囊粋€蛋白發(fā)生變異時(shí),,另一個蛋白中的相應(yīng)氨基酸也發(fā)生變異,這稱為共同進(jìn)化,,它的作用在于使蛋白對維持著交互作用,。
研究人員最終鑒別出了一小組共同進(jìn)化的氨基酸。通過使目標(biāo)氨基酸變異,,研究人員成功地“重新連接”了5個路徑,,從而證實(shí)了這些氨基酸決定著信號特異性。
Laub表示,,這樣的操作能夠使科學(xué)家改造細(xì)菌,,使其在檢測到甲苯等污染物時(shí)表現(xiàn)出發(fā)光等新奇的行為,成為有用的生物傳感器,。(生物谷www.bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cell,,Vol 133, 1043-1054,Jeffrey M. Skerker,,Michael T. Laub
Rewiring the Specificity of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems
Jeffrey M. Skerker,1,4 Barrett S. Perchuk,1 Albert Siryaporn,2 Emma A. Lubin,1 Orr Ashenberg,1 Mark Goulian,2,3 and Michael T. Laub1,
1 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
2 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
3 Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Summary
Two-component signal transduction systems are the predominant means by which bacteria sense and respond to environmental stimuli. Bacteria often employ tens or hundreds of these paralogous signaling systems, comprised of histidine kinases (HKs) and their cognate response regulators (RRs). Faithful transmission of information through these signaling pathways and avoidance of detrimental crosstalk demand exquisite specificity of HK-RR interactions. To identify the determinants of two-component signaling specificity, we examined patterns of amino acid coevolution in large, multiple sequence alignments of cognate kinase-regulator pairs. Guided by these results, we demonstrate that a subset of the coevolving residues is sufficient, when mutated, to completely switch the substrate specificity of the kinase EnvZ. Our results shed light on the basis of molecular discrimination in two-component signaling pathways, provide a general approach for the rational rewiring of these pathways, and suggest that analyses of coevolution may facilitate the reprogramming of other signaling systems and protein-protein interactions.