英國科學(xué)家近日發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類口腔中一種新的細(xì)菌種類。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于醫(yī)生更好地理解蛀牙和牙齦疾病,，并有可能導(dǎo)致更好的治療手段,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在8月份的《國際系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化微生物學(xué)雜志》（International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology）上,。
研究負(fù)責(zé)人,、英國倫敦國王學(xué)院牙科研究所（King's College London Dental Institute）的William Wade說：“健康的人類口腔包含著巨量的多種微生物,，包括病毒、真菌,、原生動物以及細(xì)菌,。其中細(xì)菌量是最大的，每毫升唾液中含有1億個細(xì)菌,，整個口腔中細(xì)菌的種類超過600種,，然而，大約有一半尚未命名,。我們努力做的就是描述和命名新種,。”
研究人員同時研究了健康口腔組織和口腔腫瘤組織，發(fā)現(xiàn)了三個不能確定的名為Prevotella的細(xì)菌菌株,。Prevotella屬于人類正常微生物菌叢的一部分,，它同時與多種口腔疾病及身體其它部位的感染有關(guān)。研究人員將這一新種命名為Prevotella histicola（histicola意為組織上的居住者）,。
Wade說：“有趣的是,，這一新種是從口腔組織中分離出來的，口腔癌組織和健康組織中均有,。這證實(shí)了其它一些工作的發(fā)現(xiàn),，即口腔細(xì)菌能同時侵入組織和單個細(xì)胞。”
蛀牙和牙齦疾病是人類最常見的細(xì)菌疾病,，它們由口腔中的微生物發(fā)生變化所引起,。為了更好地理解這些疾病，科學(xué)家首先需要弄清人類口腔中存在哪些細(xì)菌,。理解口腔微生物的組成將有助于科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)新的預(yù)防措施和治療手段來對付口腔疾病,。
Wade表示，“詳細(xì)地描述命名每個細(xì)菌種類是必要的,，這樣不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)室就可以識別口腔中所有的細(xì)菌種類,。”（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
IJSEM，58 (2008), 1788-1791,，Julia Downes,，William G. Wade
Prevotella histicola sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity
Julia Downes1, Samuel J. Hooper2, Melanie J. Wilson2 and William G. Wade1
1 King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Infection Research Group, London SE1 9RT, UK
2 Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
Correspondence
William G. Wade
[email protected]
Three strains of anaerobic, variably pigmenting, Gram-negative bacilli isolated from human oral mucosal tissue were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization revealed that the strains constituted a novel group within the genus Prevotella, being most closely related to Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella veroralis. A novel species, Prevotella histicola sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these strains. Prevotella histicola is saccharolytic and produces acetic acid and succinic acid as major end products of fermentation and trace to minor amounts of isovaleric acid and lactic acid. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 43 mol%. The type strain of Prevotella histicola is T05-04T (=DSM 19854T=CCUG 55407T).
