一項使用GeoChip基因陣列裝置的研究報告說，在海底熱液噴口附近的微生物群落比此前認(rèn)為的更加多樣,。
Jizhong Zhou及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn),，生活在靠近Juan de Fuca 洋脊（位于太平洋靠近美國和加拿大西海岸附近）的海底煙囪附近的微生物表現(xiàn)出的遺傳和代謝相似性很少,。此前的研究審視了這樣的熱液噴口附近的生物數(shù)量,，但是沒有審視它們的多樣性。這組作者對一個近來正在形成的煙囪的內(nèi)外進(jìn)行了取樣,，這是由超熱的噴出液突然接觸到海水形成的,。這個煙囪內(nèi)的微生物仍然與來自這個熱液噴口的熱水密切接觸,，而在煙囪之外的微生物接觸較冷的開放的海洋。
這組科學(xué)家比較了這個煙囪內(nèi)外的微生物的新陳代謝基因,，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這些微生物群落的遺傳相似性小于1%,，這表明了海底熱液噴口附近的微生物種群的動態(tài)而迅速的變化。這組作者的出結(jié)論說,，海底熱液噴口周圍陡峭的化學(xué)和溫度梯度很可能對這些變化有貢獻(xiàn),。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
PNAS March 9, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810418106
GeoChip-based analysis of metabolic diversity of microbial communities at the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent
Fengping Wanga,12, Huaiyang Zhoub,1, Jun Mengc,1, Xiaotong Pengb, Lijing Jianga, Ping Sunc, Chuanlun Zhangd, Joy D. Van Nostrande, Ye Denge, Zhili Hee, Liyou Wue, Jizhong Zhoue,3 and Xiang Xiaoa,23
aKey Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China;
bDepartment of Marine and Earth Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China;
cSchool of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China;
dDepartment of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; and
eInstitute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
1F.W., H.Z., and J.M. contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are one of the most unique and fascinating ecosystems on Earth. Although phylogenetic diversity of vent communities has been extensively examined, their physiological diversity is poorly understood. In this study, a GeoChip-based, high-throughput metagenomics technology revealed dramatic differences in microbial metabolic functions in a newly grown protochimney (inner section, Proto-I; outer section, Proto-O) and the outer section of a mature chimney (4143-1) at the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Very limited numbers of functional genes were detected in Proto-I (113 genes), whereas much higher numbers of genes were detected in Proto-O (504 genes) and 4143-1 (5,414 genes). Microbial functional genes/populations in Proto-O and Proto-I were substantially different (around 1% common genes), suggesting a rapid change in the microbial community composition during the growth of the chimney. Previously retrieved cbbL and cbbM genes involved in the Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle from deep-sea hydrothermal vents were predominant in Proto-O and 4143-1, whereas photosynthetic green-like cbbL genes were the major components in Proto-I. In addition, genes involved in methanogenesis, aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation (e.g., ANME1 and ANME2), nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, degradation of complex carbon substrates, and metal resistance were also detected. Clone libraries supported the GeoChip results but were less effective than the microarray in delineating microbial populations of low biomass. Overall, these results suggest that the hydrothermal microbial communities are metabolically and physiologically highly diverse, and the communities appear to be undergoing rapid dynamic succession and adaptation in response to the steep temperature and chemical gradients across the chimney.
