近日,,山東大學微生物技術國家重點實驗室、山東大學海洋生物技術研究中心張玉忠教授課題組在深海微生物學研究領域取得了重要進展,,其研究成果分別于2008年12月26日,、2009年1月30日發(fā)表在國際知名雜志《生物化學雜志》(Journal of Biological Chemistry,JBC (2008, 283 (52): 36100))、《生物化學雜志》(Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2009, JBC published January 30, 2009 as doi:10.1074/jbc.M808421200),;2009年2月5日在線發(fā)表在微生物學知名雜志《應用與環(huán)境微生物學》(Applied and Environmental Microbiology ),。
深海中的高分子量有機氮(HMWON)都是難被化學水解和生物降解的氨基化合物(amides),即蛋白質以顆粒有機氮(PON)和溶解有機氮 (DON)的形式存在,。因此,,深海沉積物中PON和DON的降解對沉積物中有機氮的循環(huán)非常關鍵。但至今,,深海沉積物中PON和DON的降解機制未被闡明,。張玉忠教授課題組的陳秀蘭、趙國琰等人從深海適冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的S8家族多結構域絲氨酸蛋白酶,,將其命名為Deseasin MCP-01(Microbiology-SGM,,2007, 153: 2116)。進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Deseasin MCP-01對非水溶性的膠原蛋白具有很好的降解作用,,其C-端的PKD結構域對膠原蛋白具有吸附作用,,其中36位的色氨酸是其結合膠原蛋白過程中起關鍵作用的氨基酸,PKD的結合可顯著提高催化結構域對膠原蛋白的降解效率 (JBC, 2008, 283 (52): 36100),。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn),,菌株Myroides profundi D25能夠分泌一種M12家族的新型金屬蛋白酶,將其命名為Myroilysin,。該酶能夠高效降解彈性蛋白,,但僅具有微弱的膠原蛋白酶活性,然而Myroilysin卻對膠原蛋白具有顯著的膨脹作用,,提高其它膠原蛋白酶對膠原蛋白的降解效率(Appl. Environ. Microb., published ahead of print on 5 February 2009, doi:10.1128/AEM.02285-08),。膠原蛋白和彈性蛋白在海洋動物體內廣泛分布且含量豐富,并且難被化學和生物降解,,推測是海洋有機氮的重要組成部分,,因此, Deseasin MCP-01和Myroilysin可能在深海沉積物中PON和DON的降解過程中發(fā)揮重要的作用,,上述研究結果為最終闡明PON和DON的降解過程與機理提供了重要的證據(jù),。
深海(除熱液口外)終年低溫,,微生物胞外蛋白酶對低溫的適應尤為重要。適冷酶兼有低溫下高的催化活性和高溫下低的熱穩(wěn)定性雙重性質特點,,但適冷酶活性-柔性-穩(wěn)定性三者之間的關系,,到目前并不完全清楚。張玉忠課題組解彬彬等人,,以M4家族的新型適冷金屬蛋白酶MCP-02和E495為研究對象,并與來源于陸地細菌M4家族的中溫酶金屬蛋白酶Pseudolysin比較,。研究結果表明,適冷酶的蛋白質柔性和穩(wěn)定性是由相關的但并不相同的結構因素決定,,降低穩(wěn)定性并非提高柔性的前提,。穩(wěn)定性主要取決于靜態(tài)結構中鍵(主要包括氫鍵和鹽鍵等)的(平均)數(shù)目,鍵數(shù)目越多,,穩(wěn)定性越高,;而柔性則與這些鍵的動態(tài)持續(xù)性(鍵的穩(wěn)定性)相關,鍵的動態(tài)持續(xù)性越低,,柔性則越高。該課題組首次提出了優(yōu)化氫鍵動態(tài)是酶的一項適冷策略,,這是蛋白質適冷進化研究的一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)。這對于更深入理解酶的活性-柔性-穩(wěn)定性三者之間的關系,,以及蛋白質結構與功能之間的關系具有重要意義,。
該項目組的研究工作得到了國家863計劃項目、國家自然科學基金和中國大洋協(xié)會國際海底區(qū)域研究開發(fā)項目的資助,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,doi:10.1128/AEM.02285-08,,Xiu-Lan Chen,,Yu-Zhong Zhang
Myroilysin, a Novel Bacterial M12 Metalloprotease with Elastinolytic Activity and Synergistic Role with Collagenase in Collagen Hydrolysis by Swelling Collagen: Implication for Its Ecological Function in Biodegradation of Deep-Sea High-Molecular-Weight Organic Nitrogen
Xiu-Lan Chen, Bin-Bin Xie, Fei Bian, Guo-Yan Zhao, Hui-Lin Zhao, Hai-Lun He, Bai-Cheng Zhou, and Yu-Zhong Zhang*
State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
Nearly all high-molecular-weight (HMW) dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and part of the particulate organic nitrogen (PON) in deep sea are present in hydrolysis-resistant amides, and to date, their biodegradation mechanisms have yet to be resolved. M12 is the second large family in subclan MA(M) of Zn-containing metalloproteases, including most members from animals and only one (flavastacin) reported from a human pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Here, we characterized a novel M12 protease myroilysin with elastinolytic activity and collagen-swelling ability from newly described deep-sea bacterium Myroides profundi D25. Myroilysin is a monomer enzyme with 205 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 22936 Da. It has the same conserved residues at the four zinc ligands as astacin and very low identity (40%) to other metalloproteases, indicating that it is a novel metalloprotease belonging to subfamily M12A. Myroilysin had broad specificity and much higher elastinolytic activity than the bacterial elastinase pseudolysin. It is the first reported elastase in M12, to our knowledge. Although it displayed very low activity to collagen, myroilysin had strong collagen-swelling ability and played synergistic role with collagenase in collagen hydrolysis. It can be speculated that myroilysin synergistically interacts with other enzymes in its in situ biotic assemblage and that it may play an important role in the degradation of deep-sea HMW organic nitrogen.