利用最近獲得的從世界各地各種不同海洋環(huán)境中收集到的137個細(xì)菌菌株的基因組序列,，再加上以前獲得的基因組和元基因組數(shù)據(jù),，Kenneth Nealson及其同事得以能夠了解在海洋表面生活的浮游生物群落的生態(tài)學(xué)的全貌,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個微生物類別,。
第一個類別包含很多微生物種類，它們的數(shù)量是難得的豐富,，似乎適應(yīng)了一種“隨遇而安”的生活方式：在能量充足的環(huán)境中生長很快,，而在食物缺乏時則生長很慢。第二個類別包含少數(shù)幾種豐富的,、普遍的浮游生物,，它們通常總是數(shù)量很多,。
這些基本上未培養(yǎng)的微生物基因組相對較小,，可能是通過生長緩慢和維持較少生物質(zhì)來避免被捕食。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦英文摘要：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature09530
Genomic and functional adaptation in surface ocean planktonic prokaryotes
Shibu Yooseph,Kenneth H. Nealson,[email protected] B. Rusch,John P. McCrow,Christopher L. Dupont,Maria Kim,Justin Johnson,Robert Montgomery,Steve Ferriera,Karen Beeson,Shannon J. Williamson,Andrey Tovchigrechko,Andrew E. Allen,Lisa A. Zeigler,Granger Sutton,Eric Eisenstadt,Yu-Hui Rogers,Robert Friedman,Marvin Frazier& J. Craig Venter
The understanding of marine microbial ecology and metabolism has been hampered by the paucity of sequenced reference genomes. To this end, we report the sequencing of 137 diverse marine isolates collected from around the world. We analysed these sequences, along with previously published marine prokaryotic genomes, in the context of marine metagenomic data, to gain insights into the ecology of the surface ocean prokaryotic picoplankton (0.1–3.0?μm size range). The results suggest that the sequenced genomes define two microbial groups: one composed of only a few taxa that are nearly always abundant in picoplanktonic communities, and the other consisting of many microbial taxa that are rarely abundant. The genomic content of the second group suggests that these microbes are capable of slow growth and survival in energy-limited environments, and rapid growth in energy-rich environments. By contrast, the abundant and cosmopolitan picoplanktonic prokaryotes for which there is genomic representation have smaller genomes, are probably capable of only slow growth and seem to be relatively unable to sense or rapidly acclimate to energy-rich conditions. Their genomic features also lead us to propose that one method used to avoid predation by viruses and/or bacterivores is by means of slow growth and the maintenance of low biomass.
