一種抗體可保護(hù)猴子不受某種新出現(xiàn)的叫做亨德拉的病毒的感染,；這種病毒與最近放映的電影“傳染病”中的明星尼帕病毒密切相關(guān)。
這些發(fā)現(xiàn)使得研究人員距離發(fā)現(xiàn)一種保護(hù)人體免受這些病毒的感染的方法又接近了一步,，因?yàn)槟壳斑€沒有認(rèn)可的疫苗或治療方法能夠用于尼帕或亨德拉病毒。
亨德拉病毒在正常情況下生活在數(shù)個(gè)品種叫做狐蝠的蝙蝠體內(nèi),，而這些蝙蝠對該病毒是有抵抗力的,。 然而，這種病毒會(huì)在許多其它宿主中造成其肺部和腦部的嚴(yán)重炎癥,。
自九十年代中,、后期，該病毒已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致一些馬匹的死亡,，并在澳大利亞造成某些外溢性的人類死亡—這些人與染病的動(dòng)物有過接觸,。
類似地，尼帕病毒于1998年出現(xiàn)于馬來西亞,，它在圈養(yǎng)的豬及其看管者中引起了大規(guī)模的爆發(fā),，并造成了無數(shù)起死亡。 自2001年以來,，在孟加拉和澳大利亞幾乎每年都會(huì)發(fā)生尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒的爆發(fā),，其中包括最近這兩種病毒在2011年3月和6-7月間的爆發(fā)。
Christopher Broder及其同事現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn),，一種人類的單克隆抗體可減少一組猴子的腦和肺中的病毒顆粒量,，這些猴子是在得到亨德拉病毒的致命性感染并幸存下來后在遲至三日時(shí)接受治療的（它們在感染后2星期時(shí)開始康復(fù)）。
在感染后較早獲得治療（1-2天）的猴子保持了完全無病,，而沒有獲得治療的猴子在感染1周后死亡了。 重要的是,，這些動(dòng)物看來能夠良好地耐受這種抗體,，并且沒有出現(xiàn)什么副作用。這些結(jié)果支持人們進(jìn)一步地研發(fā)這種抗體并在人體中進(jìn)行測試,。
一篇有關(guān)的焦點(diǎn)文章解釋了為什么這些結(jié)果為人們提供了可作為激發(fā)亨德拉和尼帕病毒的政策討論及如何最好地保護(hù)目標(biāo)人群的一個(gè)起點(diǎn)所需的可靠信息,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:1126/scitranslmed.3002901
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A Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects African Green Monkeys from Hendra Virus Challenge
Katharine N. Bossart, Thomas W. Geisbert, Heinz Feldmann, Zhongyu Zhu, Friederike Feldmann, Joan B. Geisbert, Lianying Yan, Yan-Ru Feng, Doug Brining, Dana Scott, Yanping Wang, Antony S. Dimitrov, Julie Callison, Yee-Peng Chan, Andrew C. Hickey, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Christopher C. Broder,and Barry Rockx
Hendra virus (HeV) is a recently emerged zoonotic paramyxovirus that can cause a severe and often fatal disease in horses and humans. HeV is categorized as a biosafety level 4 agent, which has made the development of animal models and testing of potential therapeutics and vaccines challenging. Infection of African green monkeys (AGMs) with HeV was recently demonstrated, and disease mirrored fatal HeV infection in humans, manifesting as a multisystemic vasculitis with widespread virus replication in vascular tissues and severe pathologic manifestations in the lung, spleen, and brain. Here, we demonstrate that m102.4, a potent HeV-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (hmAb), can protect AGMs from disease after infection with HeV. Fourteen AGMs were challenged intratracheally with a lethal dose of HeV, and 12 subjects were infused twice with a 100-mg dose of m102.4 beginning at either 10, 24, or 72 hours after infection and again about 48 hours later. The presence of viral RNA, infectious virus, and HeV-specific immune responses demonstrated that all subjects were infected after challenge. All 12 AGMs that received m102.4 survived infection, whereas the untreated control subjects succumbed to disease on day 8 after infection. Animals in the 72-hour treatment group exhibited neurological signs of disease, but all animals started to recover by day 16 after infection. These results represent successful post-exposure in vivo efficacy by an investigational drug against HeV and highlight the potential impact a hmAb can have on human disease.
