一項研究提出，一個人的生殖道內(nèi)占主流的HIV-1毒株可能不是在性伙伴身上建立感染的毒株,。
此前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了感染艾滋病病毒的人們的生殖道內(nèi)有一批病毒毒株,，但是在異性性傳播過程中的導(dǎo)致感染的毒株—這是全世界感染的主要模式—常常仍然沒有得到確定。
Eric Hunter及其同事獲得了盧旺達(dá)和贊比亞的8個異性戀伴侶的陰道拭紙,、精液和血樣,，當(dāng)時新近被感染的伙伴被診斷出了艾滋病病毒陽性。
在8例感染中,，6例涉及了女性到男性的傳播,。這組作者對這種病毒的外殼蛋白進(jìn)行了測序，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)傳播艾滋病病毒的伙伴的生殖道內(nèi)的一種遺傳變種很可能導(dǎo)致了對方的感染,。
然而,，這組作者報告說，造成感染的毒株不是長期感染艾滋病病毒的傳播伙伴的生殖道內(nèi)部最常見的毒株,，這提示這種病毒的生殖傳染病不是隨機(jī)發(fā)生的,。
相反，這組作者提出,，適合傳播的毒株可能被選擇出來幫助這種病毒傳播給新的宿主,。這組作者說，盡管幾乎不可能確定在傳播發(fā)生的時候病毒毒株在生殖道內(nèi)的準(zhǔn)確分布,，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于改善著眼于制止這種病毒傳播的策略,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1103764108
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Role of donor genital tract HIV-1 diversity in the transmission bottleneck
Debrah I. Boeras, Peter T. Hraber, Mackenzie Hurlston, Tammy Evans-Strickfaden, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Elena E. Giorgi, Joseph Mulenga, Etienne Karita, Bette T. Korber, Susan Allen, Clyde E. Hart, Cynthia A. Derdeyn, and Eric Hunter
The predominant mode of HIV-1 infection is heterosexual transmission, where a genetic bottleneck is imposed on the virus quasispecies. To probe whether limited genetic diversity in the genital tract (GT) of the transmitting partner drives this bottleneck, viral envelope sequences from the blood and genital fluids of eight transmission pairs from Rwanda and Zambia were analyzed. The chronically infected transmitting partner's virus population was heterogeneous with distinct genital subpopulations, and the virus populations within the GT of two of four women sampled longitudinally exhibited evidence of stability over time intervals on the order of weeks to months. Surprisingly, the transmitted founder variant was not derived from the predominant GT subpopulations. Rather, in each case, the transmitting variant was phylogenetically distinct from the sampled locally replicating population. Although the exact distribution of the virus population present in the GT at the time of transmission cannot be unambiguously defined in these human studies, it is unlikely, based on these data, that the transmission bottleneck is driven in every case by limited viral diversity in the donor GT or that HIV transmission is solely a stochastic event.
