沙門氏菌主要存在于受污染的生食中,,能導致人類腸胃不適,。盡管我們的免疫系統(tǒng)會發(fā)揮最大努力去消滅它,但沙門氏菌仍能在消化道中茁壯成長,。近日,,加州大學Irvine分校的研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了沙門氏菌在消化道中茁壯成長的機理。
他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于解釋為什么沙門氏菌是難以清除的,,并指出可能的治療新方法,。沙門氏菌感染后,,大多數(shù)人會有腹瀉、發(fā)燒和腹部絞痛癥狀,。這些癥狀會長達七天直到感染得到解決,。
UCI助理教授、微生物學和分子遺傳學研究員Manuela Raffatellu和他的同事發(fā)現(xiàn)了沙門氏菌生存的一種新的分子機制,。他們的研究結果發(fā)表在三月的Cell Host & Microbe雜志上,。
病原體如沙門氏菌能通過從機體獲得金屬離子如鋅,進而蓬勃生長并導致人類疾病,。機體的免疫反應是用包括鈣衛(wèi)蛋白在內(nèi)的抗菌蛋白進入感染區(qū),,以便鈣衛(wèi)蛋白清除鋅離子。缺乏足夠的這一重要元素(鋅等金屬離子),,大多數(shù)病原體將最終死亡,。
然而,Raffatellu的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)該沙門氏菌通過表達特定的轉運蛋白能克服這種免疫反應,,盡管消化道中可利用的鈣衛(wèi)蛋白的數(shù)量減少了,,但該轉運蛋白能使細菌獲得鋅。這一獨特的機制,,讓沙門氏菌繼續(xù)增殖,。
同時鈣衛(wèi)蛋白能通過不經(jīng)意間殺死微生物來促進沙門氏菌繼續(xù)生長,這些微生物通常居住在腸道內(nèi),,幫助免疫系統(tǒng)抵抗致病菌,。
Raffatellu說:“我們正開著手研究病原體如沙門氏菌逃避我們的天然防御能力,最終導致我們生病的更多的有關機制,。鑒于此,,如果我們能阻止沙門氏菌獲得鋅和其它金屬離子,就可以制訂治療策略對抗這種感染”,。
此外,,她說新發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對其他疾病如炎癥性腸病和結腸癌有意義,炎癥性腸病和結腸癌等疾病也能檢測到這種高水平的鈣衛(wèi)蛋白,。
該研究由國立衛(wèi)生研究院贊助支持,,研究人員還有范德比爾特大學的Janet Z. Liu 、Stefan Jellbauer,、Adam Poe,、Vivian Ton、Michele Pesciaroli,、Martin Hosking,、Robert A. Edwards、UCI的homas E. Lane 、Thomas Kehl-Fie,、Nicole A. Restrepo,、Walter J. Chazin和Eric P. Skaar、羅馬大學的Andrea Battistoni,、德國明斯特大學的Thomas Vogl和Johannes Roth,、羅馬高級衛(wèi)生研究所Paolo Pasquali等人。(生物谷:Bioon)
doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.01.017
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Zinc Sequestration by the Neutrophil Protein Calprotectin Enhances Salmonella Growth in the Inflamed Gut
Janet Z. Liu, Stefan Jellbauer, Adam J. Poe, Vivian Ton, Michele Pesciaroli, Thomas E. Kehl-Fie, Nicole A. Restrepo, Martin P. Hosking, Robert A. Edwards, Andrea Battistoni et al.
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that counter pathogens by many mechanisms, including release of antimicrobial proteins such as calprotectin to inhibit bacterial growth. Calprotectin sequesters essential micronutrient metals such as zinc, thereby limiting their availability to microbes, a process termed nutritional immunity. We find that while calprotectin is induced by neutrophils during infection with the gut pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium, calprotectin-mediated metal sequestration does not inhibit S. Typhimurium proliferation. Remarkably, S. Typhimurium overcomes calprotectin-mediated zinc chelation by expressing a high affinity zinc transporter (ZnuABC). A S. Typhimurium znuA mutant impaired for growth in the inflamed gut was rescued in the absence of calprotectin. ZnuABC was also required to promote the growth of S. Typhimurium over that of competing commensal bacteria. Thus, our findings indicate that Salmonella thrives in the inflamed gut by overcoming the zinc sequestration of calprotectin and highlight the importance of zinc acquisition in bacterial intestinal colonization.