近日,,國(guó)際著名雜志Cell在線刊登了來(lái)自德州大學(xué)西南醫(yī)學(xué)中心等處的研究人員的最新研究成果“Identification of F-actin as the Dynamic Hub in a Microbial-Induced GTPase Polarity Circuit,,”,文章中,,研究者開(kāi)發(fā)了一種能預(yù)測(cè)引發(fā)食物中毒的細(xì)菌如何干擾細(xì)胞方向感的新方法,,并在活細(xì)胞中證實(shí)了這一方法。
文章的通訊作者是德州西南醫(yī)學(xué)中心的Neal M Alto博士,,這位科學(xué)家曾與北京生命科學(xué)研究所柴繼杰合作,,共同揭示了來(lái)自一類細(xì)菌毒性因子大家族的Map通過(guò)模擬GEF活性實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能,并提出了這類家族成員對(duì)不同GTPase的選擇模型,。
對(duì)于這項(xiàng)最新成果,,Alto博士表示,“這是不同領(lǐng)域科學(xué)家共同解決一個(gè)復(fù)雜重要的生物學(xué)問(wèn)題的范例,。”
在一些基礎(chǔ)性生物過(guò)程中,,細(xì)胞需要定位方向,比如空間分隔的生化反應(yīng),,比如免疫細(xì)胞追擊病原菌等。而且更為重要的是,細(xì)胞方向感受到干擾就會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)體生病,。這項(xiàng)最新研究提出了一個(gè)新模型,,能幫助解釋哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞如何建立其方向感的,以及引發(fā)疾病的大腸桿菌如何攻擊細(xì)胞方向感的,。
這項(xiàng)成果匯集了不同領(lǐng)域科學(xué)家的長(zhǎng)處,,最初的構(gòu)想是構(gòu)建一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型,用以解釋細(xì)胞在大腸桿菌感染后的應(yīng)答,,并在活細(xì)胞中進(jìn)行檢測(cè)驗(yàn)證,。“細(xì)菌就像打針一樣將蛋白分子注入到人類細(xì)胞中”,Alto博士說(shuō),,“人類細(xì)胞作出應(yīng)答,,在細(xì)菌附著處,形成肌動(dòng)蛋白富集膜突起,。”
對(duì)于健康細(xì)胞的正常移動(dòng),,這些肌動(dòng)蛋白聚合物會(huì)向細(xì)胞膜推進(jìn),推動(dòng)細(xì)胞朝著以一個(gè)方向,,或者另外的方向移動(dòng),。而當(dāng)大腸桿菌分子注入后,肌動(dòng)蛋白聚合物則沖向感染位點(diǎn),,幫助細(xì)菌分子在細(xì)胞內(nèi)移動(dòng),,建立一個(gè)內(nèi)部的感染位點(diǎn)。
文章的第一作者Robert Orchard說(shuō),,“為了解答‘病原菌如何從細(xì)胞外調(diào)控宿主細(xì)胞內(nèi)的肌動(dòng)蛋白動(dòng)力學(xué)’這一問(wèn)題,,我們揭示了一個(gè)有關(guān)哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞極性和細(xì)菌感染的基礎(chǔ)性分子機(jī)制。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于更深入了解治病因素,,與正常哺乳動(dòng)物行為的調(diào)控,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.063
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Identification of F-actin as the Dynamic Hub in a Microbial-Induced GTPase Polarity Circuit
Robert C. Orchard, Mark Kittisopikul, Steven J. Altschuler, Lani F. Wu, Gürol M. Süel, Neal M. Alto
Polarity in mammalian cells emerges from the assembly of signaling molecules into extensive biochemical interaction networks. Despite their complexity, bacterial pathogens have evolved parsimonious mechanisms to hijack these systems. Here, we develop a tractable experimental and theoretical model to uncover fundamental operating principles, in both mammalian cell polarity and bacterial pathogenesis. Using synthetic derivatives of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Map, we discover that Cdc42 GTPase signal transduction is controlled by the interaction between Map and F-actin. Mathematical modeling reveals how actin dynamics coupled to a Map-dependent positive feedback loop spontaneously polarizes Cdc42 on the plasma membrane. By rewiring the pathogenic signaling circuit to operate through β-integrin stimulation, we further show how Cdc42 is polarized in response to an extracellular spatial cue. Thus, a molecular pathway of polarity is proposed, centered on the interaction between GEFs and F-actin, which is likely to function in diverse biological systems.