近日,,來自諾丁漢大學的研究者對細菌的感染以及細菌間信號交流進行了深入的研究,研究者首次提出了降低細菌間信號傳遞交流的方法,,細菌間的信號交流主要依賴于群體感性系統(tǒng)(quorum-sensing,,QS),群體感性系統(tǒng)是一種依賴于細菌細胞數(shù)量的信號交流系統(tǒng),,研究者揭示了如何停止細菌間的交流來達到關(guān)閉細菌毒力產(chǎn)生的目的,。
近年來,致病菌不斷增加對傳統(tǒng)抗生素的耐藥性,,包括諾丁漢大學的研究者在內(nèi)的全世界的醫(yī)藥科學家正在奮起研究,,試圖去尋找到一種抵御致病菌感染的方法,本項研究中,,研究者使用了一種群體感應(yīng)淬滅的化合物來感染細菌間進行信號傳遞,,從而感染細菌的生長,最終使得細菌致死,。
細菌(銅綠假單胞菌)可以利用群體感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)(QS)中的信號分子來進行相互交流以及基因表達的控制,,同時銅綠假單胞菌也可以利用QS系統(tǒng)來引發(fā)一系列的感染,耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌也是如此,,可以引發(fā)嚴重的感染性疾病,。研究者Stephen Diggle表示,QS系統(tǒng)控制的因子只有在細胞密度達到一定程度時才會發(fā)揮出作用,,而且QS系統(tǒng)也只有在細胞數(shù)量一定的時候才能夠刺激細菌的某些行為,,尤其是致病性。
這項研究刊登在了近日的國際雜志PNAS上,,文章中,,研究者提出,在銅綠假單胞菌中,,細胞的密度是調(diào)節(jié)QS系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵因子,,運用特殊的培養(yǎng)基以及分子操作技術(shù),研究小組揭示了QS信號通路只是在低細胞密度的時候發(fā)生,,但是對細菌并沒有帶來好處,,然而在細胞密度高的時候,,QS才會發(fā)揮巨大作用,對于細菌的感染非常有利,。
未來,,研究者的研究將致力于在感染者身上進行相關(guān)的實驗研究,細菌可以利用QS系統(tǒng)來控制毒力基因的表達,,進而控制毒力蛋白的產(chǎn)生,,研究者將會解釋,什么時候細菌會釋放大量的毒素來引起人類的嚴重感染,。這項研究同時也揭示了,,控制感染性細菌的細胞密度(bacterial population density)對于避免毒性感染的重要性。(生物谷:T.Shen編譯)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1118131109
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Density-dependent fitness benefits in quorum-sensing bacterial populations
Sophie E. Darcha, Stuart A. Westb, Klaus Winzera, and Stephen P. Digglea,1
It has been argued that bacteria communicate using small diffusible signal molecules to coordinate, among other things, the production of factors that are secreted outside of the cells in a process known as quorum sensing (QS). The underlying assumption made to explain QS is that the secretion of these extracellular factors is more beneficial at higher cell densities. However, this fundamental assumption has never been tested experimentally. Here, we directly test this by independently manipulating population density and the induction and response to the QS signal, using the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model organism. We found that the benefit of QS was relatively greater at higher population densities, and that this was because of more efficient use of QS-dependent extracellular “public goods.” In contrast, the benefit of producing “private goods,” which are retained within the cell, does not vary with cell density. Overall, these results support the idea that QS is used to coordinate the switching on of social behaviors at high densities when such behaviors are more efficient and will provide the greatest benefit.