8月3日,,刊登在國際著名雜志Cell上的一篇研究報告指出,人類腸道中的微生物群落組分會在其懷孕期間發(fā)生劇烈改變,,盡管這些改變和代謝疾病相關,,但是對于懷孕婦女來說卻是有益的。研究者Ley表示,這是首次深入揭示腸道微生物與懷孕相關的,,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)建議,,我們的機體已經(jīng)進化出了小的微生物群落,或許我們可以直接利用這些微生物群落來改變母親體內(nèi)的代謝來幫助胎兒成長,。
在非妊娠的動物體內(nèi),,改變其體內(nèi)微生物群落組分可以引發(fā)其患一些代謝綜合征,包括增加體重,、異常的葡萄糖代謝和驗證等,,當然了這些癥狀在孕婦身上也會發(fā)生,但是潛在的原因并不知道,,目前關于婦女懷孕期間和腸道微生物的研究比較少,。
為了解決這個科學難題,研究者Ley和其同事從91個孕婦那里獲得其糞便樣品,,他們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在懷孕前三個月和后三個月的時間里,,孕婦腸道內(nèi)的微生物組分發(fā)生了改變,而且整個懷孕期間,,腸道的微生物組分變得不正常和多樣性,。在懷孕期間,孕婦腸道中的有益細菌數(shù)量明顯降低,,相反,,致病細菌的數(shù)量急劇上升,另外,,再次期間炎性標志物也增加了,。腸道微生物群落的改變和飲食并無關系,因此研究者認為這是免疫系統(tǒng)或者激素在發(fā)揮作用,。
當來自孕婦的腸道微生物群落(分妊娠前三個月和后三個月)轉(zhuǎn)移至健康的無菌小鼠體內(nèi)后,,相比妊娠期前三個月的微生物群落來說,帶有后三個月微生物群落的小鼠變得以非常肥胖以及攜帶有高水平的炎性標志物和危險的葡萄糖代謝過程,。
妊娠末三個月,,腸道中的為生物群落可以誘導機體的代謝改變,在懷孕的情況下,,母體代謝的改變是健康的,,因為這促進了機體脂肪能量的儲存,,幫助給予胎兒營養(yǎng),。如果沒有懷孕,這些改變可以引發(fā)II型糖尿病和其它健康問題,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:'Unhealthy' Changes in Gut Microbes Benefit Pregnant Women
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008
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PMID:
Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy
Omry Koren, Julia K. Goodrich, Tyler C. Cullender, Aymé Spor, Kirsi Laitinen, Helene Kling Bäckhed, Antonio Gonzalez, Jeffrey J. Werner, Largus T. Angenent, Rob Knight, Fredrik Bäckhed, Erika Isolauri, Seppo Salminen, Ruth E. Ley
Many of the immune and metabolic changes occurring during normal pregnancy also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in nonpregnant hosts. Here, to explore their role in pregnancy, we characterized fecal bacteria of 91 pregnant women of varying prepregnancy BMIs and gestational diabetes status and their infants. Similarities between infant-mother microbiotas increased with children’s age, and the infant microbiota was unaffected by mother’s health status. Gut microbiota changed dramatically from first (T1) to third (T3) trimesters, with vast expansion of diversity between mothers, an overall increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and reduced richness. T3 stool showed strongest signs of inflammation and energy loss; however, microbiome gene repertoires were constant between trimesters. When transferred to germ-free mice, T3 microbiota induced greater adiposity and insulin insensitivity compared to T1. Our findings indicate that host-microbial interactions that impact host metabolism can occur and may be beneficial in pregnancy.