2012年8月24日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --通過發(fā)現(xiàn)某些病毒能利用宿主細胞進行復制,,加州大學歐文分校的微生物學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的方法來治療病毒性疾病如腦膜炎、腦炎,、肝炎等,。加州大學歐文分校的微生物學家與荷蘭學者合作,,發(fā)現(xiàn)某些RNA病毒能劫持人體細胞的關鍵DNA修復機制來生成自身復制增殖所必須的遺傳物質。
多年來,科學家們已經(jīng)知道病毒依賴其宿主細胞所提供的功能來增加自身數(shù)量,,但加州大學歐文分校微生物學和分子遺傳學教授Bert Semler揭示了含有RNA的小核糖核酸病毒是如何識別利用一種DNA修復酶來實現(xiàn)上述目的的,。研究結果發(fā)表在8月20日的PNAS雜志上。RNA病毒有核糖核酸作為它們的遺傳物質(而不是脫氧核糖核酸或DNA),。典型的RNA病毒引起的人類疾病包括傳染性非典型肺炎,、流感、丙型肝炎,、西尼羅河熱,、感冒和脊髓灰質炎等。
加州大學歐文分校的微生物學家和荷蘭研究人員研究了一組RNA病毒,,稱為小核糖核酸病毒,,利用生化凈化方法和激光共聚焦顯微鏡探究了它們是如何利用DNA修復酶TDP2來促進自身的復制過程。這些結果具有重要意義,,因為所有已知的小RNA病毒都存在該DNA修復酶的作用靶點,,盡管事實上,,小RNA病毒的遺傳物質組成是RNA,,而不是DNA。他補充說,,針對宿主細胞為病毒復制所提供的功能,,而不是病毒本身,那么抗病毒藥物耐藥性的主要挑戰(zhàn)可能會被解決,。
作為它們的生存機制,,RNA病毒經(jīng)常會發(fā)生變異,藥物通常會隨著時間的推移變得無效,。例如艾滋病毒就存在快速變異,,因此有必要采用一些抗病毒劑的組合療法。阻斷RNA病毒劫持DNA修復酶的藥物可解決耐藥性問題,。Semler實驗室計劃篩選抑制這個過程的候選藥物的以治療普通感冒等疾病,。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
編譯自:Microbiologists Find New Approach to Fighting Viral Illnesses
doi:10.1073/pnas.1208096109
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PMID:
An RNA virus hijacks an incognito function of a DNA repair enzyme
Richard Virgen-Slanea, Janet M. Rozovicsa, Kerry D. Fitzgeralda, Tuan Ngob, Wayne Choub, Gerbrand J. van der Heden van Noortc, Dmitri V. Filippovc, Paul D. Gershonb, and Bert L. Semlera,1
A previously described mammalian cell activity, called VPg unlinkase, specifically cleaves a unique protein–RNA covalent linkage generated during the viral genomic RNA replication steps of a picornavirus infection. For over three decades, the identity of this cellular activity and its normal role in the uninfected cell had remained elusive. Here we report the purification and identification of VPg unlinkase as the DNA repair enzyme, 5′-tyrosyl–DNA phosphodiesterase-2 (TDP2). Our data show that VPg unlinkase activity in different mammalian cell lines correlates with their differential expression of TDP2. Furthermore, we show that recombinant TDP2 can cleave the protein–RNA linkage generated by different picornaviruses without impairing the integrity of viral RNA. Our results reveal a unique RNA repair-like function for TDP2 and suggest an unusual role in host–pathogen interactions for this cellular enzyme. On the basis of the identification of TDP2 as a potential antiviral target, our findings may lead to the development of universal therapeutics to treat the millions of individuals afflicted annually with diseases caused by picornaviruses, including myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, and the common cold.