通過發(fā)現(xiàn)某些病毒如何利用它們的宿主細(xì)胞進(jìn)行復(fù)制,美國加州大學(xué)歐文分校微生物學(xué)家們鑒定出一種新方法來開發(fā)一種廣譜性療法來治療諸如腦膜炎,、腦炎,、肝炎和可能普通感冒之類的病毒性疾病。
在這項由Bert Semler教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新研究中,,加州大學(xué)歐文分校研究人員和丹麥同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)某些RNA病毒劫持人細(xì)胞中的一種關(guān)鍵性DNA修復(fù)酶從而產(chǎn)生用于它們進(jìn)行復(fù)制時所必需的遺傳物質(zhì),。
多年來,科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)知道病毒利用它們的宿主細(xì)胞提供的功能來增加它們的數(shù)目,,但是這項研究是第一次鑒定出含有RNA的小核糖核酸病毒(picornavirus)利用一種DNA修復(fù)酶來進(jìn)行復(fù)制,。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果于2012年8月20日在線刊登在PNAS期刊上。
研究人員利用生化純化方法和共聚焦顯微鏡來研究一組被稱作小核糖核酸病毒的RNA病毒以便觀察它們?nèi)绾谓俪忠环N被稱作TDP2的細(xì)胞DNA修復(fù)酶來推進(jìn)它們的復(fù)制過程,。
Semler教授說,,“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大,這是因為所有已知的小核糖核酸病毒含有這種DNA修復(fù)酶的靶標(biāo),,盡管它們的遺傳物質(zhì)是由RNA而不是DNA組成的,。因此,鑒定出干擾這類病毒與TDP2之間相互作用的藥物或小分子可能能夠?qū)е氯藗冮_發(fā)出一種廣譜性的對抗小核糖核酸病毒的療法,。”
他補充道,,通過靶向病毒復(fù)制而不是病毒本身所需的宿主細(xì)胞功能,人們可能就能夠避免病毒對抗病毒藥物產(chǎn)生耐藥性,。
為了存活,,RNA病毒經(jīng)常發(fā)生突變,因此旨在對抗它們的藥物通常隨著時間的流逝而變得沒有療效,。比如,,HIV快速發(fā)生突變,從而使得利用多種抗病毒藥物的組合療法成為必需,。
阻斷RNA病毒劫持DNA修復(fù)酶的藥物可能避免這些耐藥性問題的產(chǎn)生,。Semler實驗室計劃篩選候選藥物混合物以便找到抑制被人鼻病毒(rhinovirus)感染的細(xì)胞當(dāng)中這種過程的藥物,其中鼻病毒是導(dǎo)致普通感冒的一種主要原因,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
本文編譯自Study identifies how RNA viruses hijack a host cell to multiply
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1208096109
PMC:
PMID:
An RNA virus hijacks an incognito function of a DNA repair enzyme
Richard Virgen-Slanea, Janet M. Rozovicsa, Kerry D. Fitzgeralda, Tuan Ngob, Wayne Choub, Gerbrand J. van der Heden van Noortc, Dmitri V. Filippovc, Paul D. Gershonb, and Bert L. Semler
A previously described mammalian cell activity, called VPg unlinkase, specifically cleaves a unique protein–RNA covalent linkage generated during the viral genomic RNA replication steps of a picornavirus infection. For over three decades, the identity of this cellular activity and its normal role in the uninfected cell had remained elusive. Here we report the purification and identification of VPg unlinkase as the DNA repair enzyme, 5′-tyrosyl–DNA phosphodiesterase-2 (TDP2). Our data show that VPg unlinkase activity in different mammalian cell lines correlates with their differential expression of TDP2. Furthermore, we show that recombinant TDP2 can cleave the protein–RNA linkage generated by different picornaviruses without impairing the integrity of viral RNA. Our results reveal a unique RNA repair-like function for TDP2 and suggest an unusual role in host–pathogen interactions for this cellular enzyme. On the basis of the identification of TDP2 as a potential antiviral target, our findings may lead to the development of universal therapeutics to treat the millions of individuals afflicted annually with diseases caused by picornaviruses, including myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, and the common cold.