2012年12月2日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,，刊登在國際雜志PLoS One上的一篇研究報(bào)告“Distribution and Quantification of Antibiotic Resistant Genes and Bacteria across Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Metagenomes.”中,，揭示了跨越農(nóng)業(yè)和非農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域中細(xì)菌抗生素耐藥性基因的分布及定量情況,。
該項(xiàng)研究由美國農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理的研究者開展研究，研究者指出,，細(xì)菌的抗生素耐藥性可以通過食物鏈從動(dòng)物轉(zhuǎn)移到人類中,，因此機(jī)體所攜帶的特異性抗生素抗性細(xì)菌和基因之間的關(guān)系就需要被闡明,。在食品生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中抗生素耐藥基因和細(xì)菌的生態(tài)關(guān)系目前并不清楚,，或者說,，相比其它生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，食用動(dòng)物中抗生素耐藥性基因的情況并不清楚,。
這項(xiàng)研究中,，研究者報(bào)道了公眾可獲得性的農(nóng)業(yè)和非農(nóng)業(yè)化樣品中抗生素耐藥性基因的分布,，并且鑒別出了哪些細(xì)菌更有可能攜帶這些耐藥基因,。相比海產(chǎn)以及南極樣品來講，胃腸道相關(guān)以及農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品相關(guān)的樣品中存在了比例較大的抗生素鬧藥性的基因。盡管抗生素耐藥性基因是人類影響以及原始棲息地共有存在的天然部分,，但是在特殊棲息地中這些耐藥性基因的存在并不足以揭示人類起源過程中抗生素的使用情況,。
研究者強(qiáng)調(diào)，進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)的研究以及可控的樣品是為了研究抗生素耐藥細(xì)菌或者基因的天然背景水平,，同時(shí)研究者們也希望深入研究來揭示每一種細(xì)菌的生物學(xué)特性是否有可能通過食物鏈進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048325
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Distribution and Quantification of Antibiotic Resistant Genes and Bacteria across Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Metagenomes.
Durso LM, Miller DN, Wienhold BJ.
There is concern that antibiotic resistance can potentially be transferred from animals to humans through the food chain. The relationship between specific antibiotic resistant bacteria and the genes they carry remains to be described. Few details are known about the ecology of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria in food production systems, or how antibiotic resistance genes in food animals compare to antibiotic resistance genes in other ecosystems. Here we report the distribution of antibiotic resistant genes in publicly available agricultural and non-agricultural metagenomic samples and identify which bacteria are likely to be carrying those genes. Antibiotic resistance, as coded for in the genes used in this study, is a process that was associated with all natural, agricultural, and human-impacted ecosystems examined, with between 0.7 to 4.4% of all classified genes in each habitat coding for resistance to antibiotic and toxic compounds (RATC). Agricultural, human, and coastal-marine metagenomes have characteristic distributions of antibiotic resistance genes, and different bacteria that carry the genes. There is a larger percentage of the total genome associated with antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal-associated and agricultural metagenomes compared to marine and Antarctic samples. Since antibiotic resistance genes are a natural part of both human-impacted and pristine habitats, presence of these resistance genes in any specific habitat is therefore not sufficient to indicate or determine impact of anthropogenic antibiotic use. We recommend that baseline studies and control samples be taken in order to determine natural background levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria and/or antibiotic resistance genes when investigating the impacts of veterinary use of antibiotics on human health. We raise questions regarding whether the underlying biology of each type of bacteria contributes to the likelihood of transfer via the food chain.
