得益于從事木質(zhì)素通路研究的科研人員的一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn),,人們可能很快就可以通過(guò)更簡(jiǎn)單的方式利用木屑,、含淀粉的草及其它非食品類產(chǎn)品來(lái)生產(chǎn)生物燃料了。木質(zhì)素存在于大多數(shù)植物物種的細(xì)胞壁中,,它使植物結(jié)構(gòu)變得結(jié)實(shí),。然而,這一 “強(qiáng)化”性質(zhì)使得木質(zhì)素很難分解成可發(fā)酵的糖,,而且多年以來(lái),,隨著植物性生物質(zhì)被用來(lái)探索生產(chǎn)生物燃料,減少木質(zhì)素含量的過(guò)程一直是研究人員面臨的棘手問(wèn)題,。確實(shí),,在一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái),他們探索了將植物中木質(zhì)素含量降至最低的各種方法,,但收效甚微,;用非食物性植物物質(zhì)來(lái)產(chǎn)能仍然無(wú)法以可行的商業(yè)規(guī)模進(jìn)行。現(xiàn)在,,Ruben Vanholme及其同事在研究擬南芥這種小型開花植物中的木質(zhì)素合成通路時(shí)有了一個(gè)新的發(fā)現(xiàn),。以往的研究曾經(jīng)顯示,一種叫做CSE的酶與木質(zhì)素合成有關(guān),,盡管研究人員并不知道其究竟怎樣運(yùn)作,。為了研究其作用,研究人員將CSE酶進(jìn)行變異并觀察其結(jié)果,;他們注意到CSE變異的植物顯示出其脈管與纖維的染色結(jié)果沒有那么強(qiáng)——表明木質(zhì)素含量變少,。他們還將正常植物與CSE變異植物的纖維素至葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)化進(jìn)行了比較;他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,CSE變異株的存在會(huì)驅(qū)使可發(fā)酵糖產(chǎn)量增加4倍,。由于像CSE這樣的酶在各種各樣的植物中都有發(fā)現(xiàn)——包括楊樹和桉樹,它們也被用作生產(chǎn)生物燃料——這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)研究用植物材料來(lái)生產(chǎn)能源的科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)具有廣泛的意義,。Vanholme及其同事的結(jié)果提示,,科學(xué)家們需要調(diào)整他們的木質(zhì)素通路模型以納入CSE酶,后者可能證明有利于改變木質(zhì)素的含量,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1241602
Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase (CSE) is an Enzyme in the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway
R. Vanholme; I. Cesarino; L. Sundin; G. Goeminne; J. Cross; K. Morreel; P. Araujo; J. Haustraete; B. Vanholme; W. Boerjan at VIB in Gent, Belgium; R. Vanholme; I. Cesarino; L. Sundin; G. Goeminne; J. Cross; K. Morreel; P. Araujo; B. Vanholme; W. Boerjan
Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here, we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana cse mutants deposit less lignin, and the remaining lignin is enriched in H units. Phenolic metabolite profiling identified accumulation of the lignin pathway intermediate caffeoyl shikimate in cse mutants compared to wild type, suggesting this as a substrate for CSE. Accordingly, recombinant CSE hydrolyzed caffeoyl shikimate into caffeate. Associated with the changes in lignin, the conversion of cellulose to glucose of cse mutants increased up to fourfold compared to wild type upon saccharification without pretreatment. Collectively, these data necessitate revision of currently accepted models of the lignin biosynthetic pathway.