肥胖是心血管病,、糖尿病、骨質疏松癥和包括一些癌癥在內的其他疾病的一個風險因素,。必須有其他影響因素存在,，才能確定肥胖者會患哪種代謝疾病。本期Nature上兩篇論文分析這些因素中的一個所起作用,，這個因素就是腸道微生物群的豐富程度,。Le Chatelier等人分析了非肥胖者和肥胖者的腸道微生物基因組成，發(fā)現在基因和種類豐富程度上存在顯著差別。豐富程度較低人士的肥胖程度,、胰島素抗性,、血脂異常和炎癥程度都有所提高。微生物豐富程度較低的肥胖者比微生物豐富程度較高者更容易增加體重,。作者還發(fā)現,，僅僅對少數幾種細菌標記進行分析，就足以區(qū)分細菌豐富程度的高低,。Cotillard等人對肥胖或超重人士由飲食誘導的體重降低和采用使體重保持穩(wěn)定的干預措施過程中的腸道微生物特征進行了監(jiān)測,。他們報告說，高纖維食物（如水果和蔬菜）的消耗增加導致細菌豐富程度增加,，并且改善一些與肥胖相關的臨床癥狀,。該發(fā)現支持將飲食與腸道微生物群的組成聯系起來的以前的研究工作，并且說明通過適當的飲食也許能實現永久性的改變,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦英文摘要：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12506
Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
Emmanuelle Le Chatelier,Trine Nielsen,Junjie Qin,Edi Prifti,Falk Hildebrand, Gwen Falony,Mathieu Almeida, Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Jean-Michel Batto, Sean Kennedy, Pierre Leonard, Junhua Li, Kristoffer Burgdorf, Niels Grarup,Torben Jrgensen, Ivan Brandslund, Henrik Bjarn Nielsen,Agnieszka S. Juncker, Marcelo Bertalan, Florence Levenez, Nicolas Pons, Simon Rasmussen, Shinichi Sunagawa,Julien Tap, Sebastian Tims et al.
We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness. They contain known and previously unknown bacterial species at different proportions; individuals with a low bacterial richness (23% of the population) are characterized by more marked overall adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and a more pronounced inflammatory phenotype when compared with high bacterial richness individuals. The obese individuals among the lower bacterial richness group also gain more weight over time. Only a few bacterial species are sufficient to distinguish between individuals with high and low bacterial richness, and even between lean and obese participants. Our classifications based on variation in the gut microbiome identify subsets of individuals in the general white adult population who may be at increased risk of progressing to adiposity-associated co-morbidities.
Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12480
Aurélie Cotillard,Sean P. Kennedy, Ling Chun Kong,Edi Prifti,Nicolas Pons, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier,Mathieu Almeida, Benoit Quinquis, Florence Levenez, Nathalie Galleron, Sophie Gougis, Salwa Rizkalla,Jean-Michel Batto, Pierre Renault,ANR MicroObes consortium,Joel Doré,Jean-Daniel Zucker, Karine Clément, Stanislav Dusko Ehrlich, Hervé Blottière, Marion Leclerc, Catherine Juste,Tomas de Wouters,Patricia Lepage, Charlene Fouqueray et al.
Complex gene–environment interactions are considered important in the development of obesity1. The composition of the gut microbiota can determine the efficacy of energy harvest from food2, 3, 4 and changes in dietary composition have been associated with changes in the composition of gut microbial populations5, 6. The capacity to explore microbiota composition was markedly improved by the development of metagenomic approaches7, 8, which have already allowed production of the first human gut microbial gene catalogue9 and stratifying individuals by their gut genomic profile into different enterotypes10, but the analyses were carried out mainly in non-intervention settings. To investigate the temporal relationships between food intake, gut microbiota and metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes, we conducted diet-induced weight-loss and weight-stabilization interventions in a study sample of 38 obese and 11 overweight individuals. Here we report that individuals with reduced microbial gene richness (40%) present more pronounced dys-metabolism and low-grade inflammation, as observed concomitantly in the accompanying paper11. Dietary intervention improves low gene richness and clinical phenotypes, but seems to be less efficient for inflammation variables in individuals with lower gene richness. Low gene richness may therefore have predictive potential for the efficacy of intervention.
