據(jù)英國(guó)每日郵報(bào)報(bào)道,,科學(xué)家找到創(chuàng)造干細(xì)胞最好的來(lái)源,,從男性睪丸中分離出干細(xì)胞,。這項(xiàng)干細(xì)胞來(lái)源的新突破可能引發(fā)一場(chǎng)醫(yī)學(xué)革命,并解決從人類胚胎上分離干細(xì)胞的倫理學(xué)難題。
精原干細(xì)胞沒有倫理限制
干細(xì)胞(Stem Cell)是一種未充分分化,,尚不成熟的細(xì)胞,,具有再生各種組織器官和人體的潛在功能,醫(yī)學(xué)界稱之為“萬(wàn)能細(xì)胞”,,在一定的化學(xué)環(huán)境下可以培育成不同類型的組織和細(xì)胞,。直到現(xiàn)在,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為干細(xì)胞的最好來(lái)源是人類胚胎,。胚胎干細(xì)胞是一種高度未分化細(xì)胞,,它具有發(fā)育的全能性,能分化出成體動(dòng)物的所有組織和器官,,包括生殖細(xì)胞,。但是出于社會(huì)倫理學(xué)方面的原因,最有希望治療人類疾病的胚胎干細(xì)胞在使用問題上歷來(lái)存在著爭(zhēng)議,,因?yàn)樗菑娜祟愒缙谂咛ド戏蛛x出來(lái)的,。然而此次發(fā)現(xiàn)的干細(xì)胞新來(lái)源——從男性睪丸精原細(xì)胞中分離出干細(xì)胞,消除了這種倫理道德的顧慮,,可以用于培育所需的細(xì)胞組織,、為糖尿病、帕金森氏綜合癥和心臟病等許多疾病患者提供新療法,,而且因?yàn)檫@種細(xì)胞來(lái)自病人自身,,所以不具有排斥性。
來(lái)自德國(guó)哥廷根再生生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)中心托馬斯·斯庫(kù)泰拉是此項(xiàng)研究負(fù)責(zé)人,,他說:“與胚胎干細(xì)胞相比,,這種干細(xì)胞的優(yōu)勢(shì)是沒有倫理道德問題的限制,是天然的,。”過去十年中,,科學(xué)家一直尋找人類干細(xì)胞最好的來(lái)源。去年,,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)利用成年皮膚細(xì)胞分離干細(xì)胞,,現(xiàn)在找到第二種干細(xì)胞最好的來(lái)源——睪丸精原干細(xì)胞。
精原干細(xì)胞用于疾病治療
研究人員從17歲到81歲年齡段中選出22名男性,,并利用他們的精原細(xì)胞進(jìn)行研究試驗(yàn),,將這些精原細(xì)胞利用化學(xué)增長(zhǎng)因子重新編排,數(shù)周之后,,分化成了不同類型的細(xì)胞,,同胚胎細(xì)胞分化結(jié)果一樣。
如果進(jìn)一步的試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證這些細(xì)胞是正常的,,就可以利用這種干細(xì)胞培育病人所需要的特定組織進(jìn)行移植,。從帕金森氏癥病人的睪丸中提取細(xì)胞,,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中將它們培育成腦細(xì)胞。然后,,這些細(xì)胞被植入患者大腦中取代患病的腦細(xì)胞,。同樣,利用該項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以用于培育心臟,、胰腺或肝臟細(xì)胞,。醫(yī)學(xué)研究委員會(huì)國(guó)家醫(yī)學(xué)研究所干細(xì)胞專家羅賓洛弗爾·巴德稱:“這是非常重要的,獲得病人所需要特定細(xì)胞的一種新方法,,從而研究遺傳性疾病的致病原因并最終可能得到治愈,。”
目前受益的只是男性
精原干細(xì)胞可以和精原細(xì)胞捐贈(zèng)者的免疫系統(tǒng)完全匹配,最終他們可以在基于細(xì)胞療法中提供移植細(xì)胞,。但是,,目前細(xì)胞捐贈(zèng)者都是男性,所以不能用于女性相關(guān)疾病的治療,。發(fā)表在《自然》(Nature)雜志上的這項(xiàng)關(guān)于干細(xì)胞新來(lái)源研究成果稱,,取自男性生殖器官上的精原干細(xì)胞同胚胎干細(xì)胞一樣帶給人類眾多益處,但是科學(xué)家還無(wú)法在女性身上找到相等的干細(xì)胞來(lái)源,,所以目前受益這種新成果的只能是男士,。但是斯庫(kù)泰拉博士認(rèn)為在女性的卵子中同樣可以發(fā)現(xiàn)如此完美的干細(xì)胞來(lái)源。下一步,,科學(xué)家將在老鼠身上進(jìn)行類似的研究,。
有待深入試驗(yàn)
雖然這種新的干細(xì)胞來(lái)源的發(fā)現(xiàn)令科學(xué)家十分興奮,但是該項(xiàng)研究發(fā)起人承認(rèn)還有一些問題有待深入的探討,。干細(xì)胞中脫氧核糖核酸缺少正常細(xì)胞中必要改變,,今后更多的試驗(yàn)將發(fā)現(xiàn)這些改變能否影響細(xì)胞行為。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature,,doi:10.1038/nature07404,,Sabine Conrad,Thomas Skutella
Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis
Sabine Conrad1, Markus Renninger3, J?rg Hennenlotter3, Tina Wiesner1, Lothar Just1, Michael Bonin4, Wilhelm Aicher5,6, Hans-J?rg Bühring7, Ulrich Mattheus2, Andreas Mack2, Hans-Joachim Wagner2, Stephen Minger8, Matthias Matzkies9, Michael Reppel9, Jürgen Hescheler9, Karl-Dietrich Sievert3, Arnulf Stenzl3 & Thomas Skutella1,6
1 Institute of Anatomy, Department of Experimental Embryology,
2 Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cellular Neurobiology, ?sterbergstrae 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
3 Department of Urology, University Clinic Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strae 3, Tübingen 72076, Germany
4 Institute of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Microarray Facility, University Clinic, Calwerstrae 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
5 ZMF Research Laboratories, University Clinic Tübingen, Waldh?rnlestrae 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
6 Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine (ZRM), Paul-Ehrlich-Strae 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
7 Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strae 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
8 Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK
9 Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strae 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
Abstract
Human primordial germ cells and mouse neonatal and adult germline stem cells are pluripotent and show similar properties to embryonic stem cells. Here we report the successful establishment of human adult germline stem cells derived from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis. Cellular and molecular characterization of these cells revealed many similarities to human embryonic stem cells, and the germline stem cells produced teratomas after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The human adult germline stem cells differentiated into various types of somatic cells of all three germ layers when grown under conditions used to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. We conclude that the generation of human adult germline stem cells from testicular biopsies may provide simple and non-controversial access to individual cell-based therapy without the ethical and immunological problems associated with human embryonic stem cells.