華盛頓大學的科學家首次成功讓活老鼠再生出視網膜細胞,,這為人類再生眼睛細胞提供了成功的希望,,從而可望恢復一些盲人的視力。此研究成果發(fā)表在11月24日出版的美國《國家科學院院刊》(PNAS)上,。
視網膜位于眼睛后面,,其功能是將光線通過神經脈沖傳輸到大腦中。先前的研究工作表明視網膜神經細胞(Müller細胞)可以在培養(yǎng)皿里培育出來,。華盛頓大學的湯姆·李何說:“這種細胞存在于所有脊椎動物的所有視網膜中,,因此細胞再生之源也呈現在人類視網膜中。”科學家將進一步研究治療因視網膜損壞導致失明的辦法,。李何表示鳥類像哺乳動物一樣是溫血動物,,它們再生視網膜細胞的能力有限,而魚類是冷血動物,,能再生所有種類的視網膜細胞,。
讓老鼠再生視網膜細胞被認為是人類生物學的理想模式,但做到這一點并不容易,。研究人員將物質注入到視網膜中,,以去除神經節(jié)細胞(一種存在于視網膜表面附近的神經細胞)和無長突細胞。之后將纖維原細胞生長因子,、表皮生長因子和胰島素之類的藥物注射到眼睛里,就能刺激視網膜神經細胞重新開始分裂和增生,,有一些變成了成熟的神經細胞,,包括無長突細胞。李何說,,無長突細胞能調節(jié)感光器的電信號,,對眼睛探知運動和夜視非常重要。
然而,,研究人員發(fā)現許多由視網膜神經細胞分裂和增生的原細胞在形成的第一周之內就死亡了,,然而設法轉換成無長突細胞的這些細胞至少生存了30天??茖W家對此現象還不清楚是怎么回事,。李何說:“我們雖然沒有獲得大量的新神經細胞,,但我們能獲得新的無長突細胞。”
科學家表示,,外層的視網膜就像電腦的CPU,,內層視網膜像主板,如果給一塊壞死的主板換上新的CPU,,無論此CPU品質如何高,,都將無濟于事。而再生視網膜細胞就能很好地解決這一問題,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
PNAS,,doi:10.1073/pnas.0807453105,Mike O. Karl,, Thomas A. Reh
Stimulation of neural regeneration in the mouse retina
Mike O. Karla, Susan Hayesa, Branden R. Nelsona, Kristine Tana, Brian Buckinghamb, and Thomas A. Reha,1
aDepartment of Biological Structure, and
bMedical Science Training Program, 357420 Health Science Center, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
Abstract
Müller glia can serve as a source of new neurons after retinal damage in both fish and birds. Investigations of regeneration in the mammalian retina in vitro have provided some evidence that Müller glia can proliferate after retinal damage and generate new rods; however, the evidence that this occurs in vivo is not conclusive. We have investigated whether Müller glia have the potential to generate neurons in the mouse retina in vivo by eliminating ganglion and amacrine cells with intraocular NMDA injections and stimulating Müller glial to re-enter the mitotic cycle by treatment with specific growth factors. The proliferating Müller glia dedifferentiate and a subset of these cells differentiated into amacrine cells, as defined by the expression of amacrine cell-specific markers Calretinin, NeuN, Prox1, and GAD67-GFP. These results show for the first time that the mammalian retina has the potential to regenerate inner retinal neurons in vivo.