來(lái)自卡內(nèi)基研究所的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)一種維持干細(xì)胞多能性的關(guān)鍵基因,,這一成果將公布在1月9號(hào)出版的《科學(xué)》(Science)雜志上。
眾所周知,,干細(xì)胞具有無(wú)與倫比的多能性,它可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿我庖环N細(xì)胞類型,,因此干細(xì)胞是科研者的心頭好,,因?yàn)椋瑢?duì)再生醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域來(lái)說(shuō)這是多么有意義的治療手段,。
現(xiàn)在,,卡內(nèi)基研究所的一隊(duì)研究小組鑒定了一個(gè)維持干細(xì)胞多能性的關(guān)鍵基因,他們將這個(gè)基因命名為scrawny,,研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在干細(xì)胞未分化期間,,這個(gè)基因?qū)Ρ3指杉?xì)胞的多能性具有關(guān)鍵的意義。研究小組認(rèn)為,,了解干細(xì)胞多能性的維持機(jī)制不僅對(duì)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究來(lái)說(shuō)很重要,,還對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用研究也十分有意義。
卡內(nèi)基研究所胚胎學(xué)系的主任Allan C.Spradling說(shuō),,每個(gè)生物體的組織器官的功能都依仗干細(xì)胞的多能性而得以維持,。然而,到目前為止,科學(xué)家們還不了解干細(xì)胞的多能性是如何得以維持的,。
在這項(xiàng)研究中,,Spradling和同事Michael Buszczak,Shelley Paterno以果蠅為研究對(duì)象,,鑒定了一個(gè)新基因,,命名為scrawny,該基因具有修飾特殊染色體蛋白H2B的能力,,H2B主要功能是包裝DNA,,使其成為染色體。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)scrawny能修飾蛋白沉默基因表達(dá)借以控制干細(xì)胞的定向分化過(guò)程,,比如說(shuō),,控制干細(xì)胞分化成皮膚細(xì)胞或是腸細(xì)胞。
研究小組觀察了果蠅的每種細(xì)胞類型的分化過(guò)程中scrawny的控制作用,,如果scrawny發(fā)生突變,,果蠅將失去組織修復(fù)再生的能力,具體來(lái)說(shuō),,當(dāng)皮膚受到損傷后干細(xì)胞生成新的皮膚細(xì)胞,。
Spradling說(shuō),干細(xì)胞是維持機(jī)體修復(fù)功能的主要細(xì)胞,,失去多能性的干細(xì)胞將無(wú)法修復(fù)組織,。盡管現(xiàn)階段的研究是在果蠅體內(nèi)開(kāi)展的,我們相信多細(xì)胞動(dòng)物體內(nèi)也有相似的基因存在,,包括人類,。這一研究成果是干細(xì)胞研究中的一個(gè)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。對(duì)scrawny的了解有助人們加深對(duì)干細(xì)胞的了解,,也為研究干細(xì)胞定向分化提供了新的途徑,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science,Vol. 323. no. 5911, pp. 248 - 251,,Michael Buszczak,,Allan C. Spradling
Drosophila Stem Cells Share a Common Requirement for the Histone H2B Ubiquitin Protease Scrawny
Michael Buszczak,* Shelley Paterno, Allan C. Spradling
Stem cells within diverse tissues share the need for a chromatin configuration that promotes self-renewal, yet few chromatin proteins are known to regulate multiple types of stem cells. We describe a Drosophila gene, scrawny (scny), encoding a ubiquitin-specific protease, which is required in germline, epithelial, and intestinal stem cells. Like its yeast relative UBP10, Scrawny deubiquitylates histone H2B and functions in gene silencing. Consistent with previous studies of this conserved pathway of chromatin regulation, scny mutant cells have elevated levels of ubiquitinylated H2B and trimethylated H3K4. Our findings suggest that inhibiting H2B ubiquitylation through scny represents a common mechanism within stem cells that is used to repress the premature expression of key differentiation genes, including Notch target genes.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.