意大利帕多瓦大學(xué)(University of Padua)醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)生物工程和組織微生物學(xué)系,,生物學(xué)系,藥物科學(xué)系,,美國亞利桑那大學(xué)生命科學(xué)院的科學(xué)家在最新一期的Cell雜志發(fā)表TGF-β信號研究論文,,并被選為封面文章。
研究小組帶頭人,、意大利帕多瓦大學(xué)Stefano Piccolo教授致力于研究TGF-β轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的多重信號,。TGF-β被Piccolo稱為“化身博士”(英國著名作家史帝文生作品,講述受人尊敬的科學(xué)家杰克醫(yī)生喝了一種試驗用的藥劑,,在晚上化身成邪惡的海德先生四處作惡,,他終日徘徊在善惡之間,其內(nèi)心屬靈的內(nèi)疚和犯罪的快感不斷沖突,,令他飽受折磨),。盡管這種蛋白會助長癌細胞“惡行”,但正常功能是抑制細胞增殖,,如同一個分子閘,。
在本期的Cell雜志中,Piccolo研究小組解析了一個脫泛素酶FAM/USP9x對TGFβ信號的調(diào)控作用,,該脫泛素酶的功能是通過控制Smad4單泛素化的作用來實現(xiàn)的,。
Smad復(fù)合物在TGF-β的信號傳導(dǎo)過程中具有重要的作用,但是目前為止少有科學(xué)家揭開了Smad對TGF-β作用的機制之謎,。Piccolo研究小組使用siRNA技術(shù)鑒定了FAM(USP9x)是一個脫泛素化酶,,該酶在TGF-β與骨形成蛋白信號過程中的功能有高度的保守性。在細胞內(nèi)Smad4是一個對賴氨酸519具單泛素化作用的蛋白,,而脫泛素化酶可以通過結(jié)構(gòu)修飾作用來抑制磷酸基與Smad4的結(jié)合,。而FAM可逆轉(zhuǎn)這個過程,使得Smad4重新發(fā)揮功效,。與FAM具有相反作用的是Ecto(Ectodermin/Tif1γ),,Ecto是一個核因子,先前的研究證實Ecto是Smad4的單泛素化連接酶,。
Piccolo的研究結(jié)果證實,,Smad4單泛素化作用和脫泛素化作用是調(diào)節(jié)細胞對TGF-β應(yīng)答的兩種作用途徑,失去FAM使得Smad4失去正常的功效,,而Ecto是FAM的上游調(diào)控因子,。這些結(jié)果表明,Smads泛素化與R-Smad磷酸化是兩個平行的過程。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cell, Volume 136, Issue 1, 123-135, 9 January 2009 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.051
FAM/USP9x, a Deubiquitinating Enzyme Essential for TGFβ Signaling, Controls Smad4 Monoubiquitination
Sirio Dupont1,Anant Mamidi1,Michelangelo Cordenonsi1,Marco Montagner1,Luca Zacchigna1,Maddalena Adorno1,Graziano Martello1,Michael J. Stinchfield2,Sandra Soligo1,Leonardo Morsut1,Masafumi Inui1,Stefano Moro4,Nicola Modena3,Francesco Argenton3,Stuart J. Newfeld2andStefano Piccolo1,,
1 Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35131 Padua, Italy
2 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
3 Department of Biology, University of Padua, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
4 Molecular Modeling Section, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
Summary
The assembly of the Smad complex is critical for TGFβ signaling, yet the mechanisms that inactivate or empower nuclear Smad complexes are less understood. By means of siRNA screen we identified FAM (USP9x), a deubiquitinase acting as essential and evolutionarily conserved component in TGFβ and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Smad4 is monoubiquitinated in lysine 519 invivo, a modification that inhibits Smad4 by impeding association with phospho-Smad2. FAM reverts this negative modification, re-empowering Smad4 function. FAM opposes the activity of Ectodermin/Tif1 (Ecto), a nuclear factor for which we now clarify a prominent role as Smad4 monoubiquitin ligase. Our study points to Smad4 monoubiquitination and deubiquitination as a way for cells to set their TGFβ responsiveness: loss of FAM disables Smad4-dependent responses in several model systems, with Ecto being epistatic to FAM. This defines a regulative ubiquitination step controlling Smads that is parallel to those impinging on R-Smad phosphorylation.