據(jù)10月份Nature Genetics上的一篇研究報告,,腫瘤抑制因子p53的缺失外加DNA修復(fù)蛋白ATR的消除會嚴(yán)重干擾實驗老鼠的組織修復(fù)。然而組織的快速惡化,,對這些動物來說這一般是致命的,。此外,這項研究也為癌癥治療中ATR抑制劑的使用提供了證據(jù)支持,。
Eric Brown博士介紹說,,從本質(zhì)上說,這項發(fā)現(xiàn)強調(diào)了一觀點,,即日常的修復(fù)對維持增生組織如皮膚和腸,,的功能是必需的。不僅僅是組織再生,,對干細(xì)胞形成基本組織的過程來說也是必須的,,同時也是清除受損細(xì)胞的一種方式。
ATR的缺失會導(dǎo)致DNA破壞,,p53的職責(zé)是監(jiān)視細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生這樣的破壞,,也能刺激這類細(xì)胞提早死亡或阻止其復(fù)制。
這項發(fā)現(xiàn)表明,,像ATR這樣的DNA修復(fù)蛋白缺失的時候事情會變的很糟糕,,機體將不能移除損壞的細(xì)胞,更糟糕的是,,同樣也會刪除p53,。由于缺少p53,受損細(xì)胞的存在會阻礙組織再生,,所以p53不僅僅是維持干細(xì)胞,,同樣可以清除組織再生過程中的障礙。
這種機制與植物在季節(jié)變化過程中葉子的變化是類似的,,在春天的時候,,葉子是新的并且未被破壞,但是當(dāng)夏天過去的時候,,由于受到不同環(huán)境(昆蟲,,干旱,疾?。┑挠绊懭~子受損,,然后秋天到來的時候,這些葉子獲得了一個再生的機會,。同樣地,,當(dāng)ATR不存在時,通過抑制組織中損壞細(xì)胞的堆積,,p53可允許更加有效的組織再生,。
細(xì)胞中沒有ATR時可能會阻止組織再生,或影響未受損細(xì)胞進(jìn)入組織,,或是通過隱藏信號停止組織再生直到受損細(xì)胞移除,。
Brown介紹說,這項結(jié)果的發(fā)現(xiàn)確實有點意外,,之前p53變異的DNA修復(fù)變化研究經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)部分修復(fù),,主要是由于p53的缺失使得只有一點點損壞的細(xì)胞繼續(xù)對組織起作用。
在試驗中,,研究人員得到了相反的結(jié)果:p53缺失并沒有挽救由于ATR遺失導(dǎo)致的組織退化,,而是更糟了。該結(jié)果表明,,允許沒有ATR的突變細(xì)胞存留對組織來說是非常有害的,,應(yīng)該在第一時間消滅它們,。Brown猜測說,這可能是由于ATR變異會產(chǎn)生比其他大部分DNA修復(fù)蛋白缺失更大的危害,。
研究人員表示,,細(xì)胞缺少ATR和p53會比單獨缺少它們中的任何一個基因?qū)NA的破壞更大。這項發(fā)現(xiàn)可能提供了潛在的癌癥新療法,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
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生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature Genetics 41, 1144 - 1149 (2009) 30 August 2009 | doi:10.1038/ng.441
Tissue regenerative delays and synthetic lethality in adult mice after combined deletion of Atr and Trp53
Yaroslava Ruzankina1,2, David W Schoppy1,2, Amma Asare1, Carolyn E Clark1, Robert H Vonderheide1 & Eric J Brown1
Trp53 loss of function has previously been shown to rescue tissue maintenance and developmental defects resulting from DNA damage or DNA-repair gene mutations1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Here, we report that p53 deficiency severely exacerbates tissue degeneration caused by mosaic deletion of the essential genome maintenance regulator Atr. Combined loss of Atr and p53 (Trp53-/-AtrmKO) led to severe defects in hair follicle regeneration, localized inflammation (Mac1+Gr1+ infiltrates), accelerated deterioration of the intestinal epithelium and synthetic lethality in adult mice. Tissue degeneration in Trp53-/-AtrmKO mice was characterized by the accumulation of cells maintaining high levels of DNA damage. Moreover, the elevated frequency of these damaged cells in both progenitor and downstream compartments in Trp53-/-AtrmKO skin coincided with delayed compensatory tissue renewal from residual ATR-expressing cells. Together, our results indicate that the combined loss of Atr and Trp53 in adult mice leads to the accumulation of highly damaged cells, which, consequently, impose a barrier to regeneration from undamaged progenitors.
1 Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
2 These authors contributed equally to this work.