誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞（iPS細(xì)胞）擁有發(fā)育成各種細(xì)胞的能力,，但也存在發(fā)育成癌細(xì)胞的危險(xiǎn),，而日本研究人員日前開(kāi)發(fā)的一種新方法解決了這個(gè)難題,。
日本慶應(yīng)義塾大學(xué)和京都大學(xué)研究人員在新一期美國(guó)《國(guó)家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》上發(fā)表報(bào)告說(shuō)，他們先調(diào)查iPS細(xì)胞發(fā)育成癌細(xì)胞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種安全性很高的iPS細(xì)胞。隨后他們利用這種iPS細(xì)胞進(jìn)行治療,，成功恢復(fù)了脊髓受損老鼠的行動(dòng)能力。
為了調(diào)查利用老鼠各種體細(xì)胞制造出的iPS細(xì)胞發(fā)育成癌細(xì)胞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),，研究人員將這些細(xì)胞移植到經(jīng)過(guò)特殊培養(yǎng)的老鼠腦部,。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，利用老鼠胎兒皮膚細(xì)胞制造的iPS細(xì)胞在移植半年后也沒(méi)有發(fā)育成癌細(xì)胞，從而判斷這種iPS細(xì)胞是最安全的,。
接下來(lái),，研究人員將這種iPS細(xì)胞培育成神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞，然后移植到因脊髓神經(jīng)受損而失去行動(dòng)能力的老鼠體內(nèi),，結(jié)果新細(xì)胞在老鼠脊髓內(nèi)成活,，并且使與運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能相關(guān)的神經(jīng)組織獲得再生，老鼠行動(dòng)能力因此得到恢復(fù),。
研究人員說(shuō)，利用人體細(xì)胞中纖維原細(xì)胞制作的iPS細(xì)胞,，被認(rèn)為具有高癌化危險(xiǎn),，因此iPS細(xì)胞的再生醫(yī)療前景很不明朗。而利用此次方法進(jìn)行人體組織再生治療,，治療安全性將得到大大提高,。(生物谷Bioon.net)
2010年干細(xì)胞技術(shù)與應(yīng)用講座
干細(xì)胞技術(shù)助患者重見(jiàn)光明
Cell Stem Cell：成功將血液細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為iPS細(xì)胞
Cell Stem Cell：成纖維細(xì)胞變身？看iPS啟動(dòng)機(jī)制
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910106107
Therapeutic potential of appropriately evaluated safe-induced pluripotent stem cells for spinal cord injury
Osahiko Tsujia,b,1, Kyoko Miuraa,c,1, Yohei Okadaa,d, Kanehiro Fujiyoshia,b, Masahiko Mukainoa,e, Narihito Nagoshia,b,f, Kazuya Kitamuraa,b, Gentaro Kumagaia,g, Makoto Nishinoa, Shuta Tomisatoa, Hisanobu Higashia, Toshihiro Nagaih, Hiroyuki Katoha,b,f, Kazuhisa Kohdaa, Yumi Matsuzakia, Michisuke Yuzakia, Eiji Ikedai,j, Yoshiaki Toyamab, Masaya Nakamurab,2, Shinya Yamanakac, and Hideyuki Okanoa,2
Departments of aPhysiology and
bOrthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
cCenter for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
dKanrinmaru-Project and
Departments of eRehabilitation Medicine,
hElectron Microscope Laboratory, and
iPathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
fDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Murayama Medical Center, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan;
gDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8560, Japan; and
jDepartment of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
Various types of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been established by different methods, and each type exhibits different biological properties. Before iPS cell-based clinical applications can be initiated, detailed evaluations of the cells, including their differentiation potentials and tumorigenic activities in different contexts, should be investigated to establish their safety and effectiveness for cell transplantation therapies. Here we show the directed neural differentiation of murine iPS cells and examine their therapeutic potential in a mouse spinal cord injury (SCI) model. “Safe” iPS-derived neurospheres, which had been pre-evaluated as nontumorigenic by their transplantation into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse brain, produced electrophysiologically functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro. Furthermore, when the safe iPS-derived neurospheres were transplanted into the spinal cord 9 d after contusive injury, they differentiated into all three neural lineages without forming teratomas or other tumors. They also participated in remyelination and induced the axonal regrowth of host 5HT+ serotonergic fibers, promoting locomotor function recovery. However, the transplantation of iPS-derived neurospheres pre-evaluated as “unsafe” showed robust teratoma formation and sudden locomotor functional loss after functional recovery in the SCI model. These findings suggest that pre-evaluated safe iPS clone-derived neural stem/progenitor cells may be a promising cell source for transplantation therapy for SCI.
