美國每日科學(xué)網(wǎng)站10月31日?qǐng)?bào)道題:攝入的卡路里越少,,活得就越長(zhǎng),?發(fā)現(xiàn)參與老化過程的關(guān)鍵酶 。
減少卡路里的攝入,,可以讓老化過程放慢,,延緩癌癥和Ⅱ型糖尿病等老年性疾病的發(fā)展。越早減少卡路里的攝入,,效果就越顯著,。哥德堡大學(xué)的科研人員已經(jīng)找出對(duì)老化過程起關(guān)鍵作用的一種酶。
細(xì)胞分子生物學(xué)系的米卡埃爾·莫林說:“我們能夠證明,,減少卡路里可以防止過氧化物酶失活,,從而讓老化過程放慢。這種酶同時(shí)也對(duì)消除遺傳物質(zhì)受到的損害起到極為重要的作用,。”
科研人員此前已經(jīng)證明,,通過逐漸減少糖和蛋白質(zhì)的攝入,在不減少維生素和礦物質(zhì)攝入的情況下,,猴子的壽命能夠比預(yù)期的多出幾年時(shí)間,。減少卡路里還有利于人體的健康,延緩老年性疾病的發(fā)展,。但該領(lǐng)域的科研人員一直難以解釋減少卡路里產(chǎn)生這種良好效果的確切機(jī)理,。
哥德堡大學(xué)的科研隊(duì)伍以酵母細(xì)胞為模型找到了所需的一種酶。他們能夠證明,,要讓減少卡路里起到效果,,需要活性的過氧化物酶1,即Prx1,,這種酶可以分解細(xì)胞中有害的過氧化氫,。
研究結(jié)果顯示,,Prx1在老化過程中受到損害,失去活性,。而減少攝入卡路里可以抑制這個(gè)過程,,因?yàn)闇p少攝入卡路里可以增加另一種酶的生成,即Srx1,,這種酶可以修復(fù)Prx1,。這一科研成果刊登在《分子細(xì)胞》雜志上。研究還顯示,,只要增加細(xì)胞中Srx1的量,,不減少攝入卡路里也可以延緩老化過程。所以修復(fù)Prx1就成為老化過程中的關(guān)鍵,。
“Prx1功能受損會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種遺傳缺陷和癌癥,。我們就可以反過來推測(cè),在老化過程中增強(qiáng)Prx1的修復(fù)是否就可以抑制或者至少延緩癌癥的發(fā)展,。”
過氧化物酶已經(jīng)被證明能夠防止蛋白質(zhì)受損和凝聚,,這一過程與影響神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的幾種老年性疾病有關(guān),比如阿爾茨海默氏病和帕金森氏癥,??蒲腥藛T還在考慮,刺激Prx1是否可以減輕和延緩這些疾病病程,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.07.027
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Life Span Extension and H2O2 Resistance Elicited by Caloric Restriction Require the Peroxiredoxin Tsa1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mikael Molin, Junsheng Yang, Sarah Hanzén, Michel B. Toledano, Jean Labarre, Thomas Nyström
Caloric restriction (CR) extends the life span of organisms ranging from yeast to primates. Here, we show that the thiol-dependent peroxiredoxin Tsa1 and its partner sulfiredoxin, Srx1, are required for CR to extend the replicative life span of yeast cells. Tsa1 becomes hyperoxidized/inactive during aging, and CR mitigates such oxidation by elevating the levels of Srx1, which is required to reduce/reactivate hyperoxidized Tsa1. CR, by lowering cAMP-PKA activity, enhances Gcn2-dependent SRX1 translation, resulting in increased resistance to H2O2 and life span extension. Moreover, an extra copy of the SRX1 gene is sufficient to extend the life span of cells grown in high glucose concentrations by 20% in a Tsa1-dependent and Sir2-independent manner. The data demonstrate that Tsa1 is required to ensure yeast longevity and that CR extends yeast life span, in part, by counteracting age-induced hyperoxidation of this peroxiredoxin.