單倍體細(xì)胞是遺傳學(xué)研究的重要工具,。自然狀態(tài)下存在的單倍體細(xì)胞只有結(jié)構(gòu)和功能均已特化的配子,,包括卵子和精子。然而卵子和精子不能在體外進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),,因此也不能對(duì)其進(jìn)行基因操作,。如果能夠在體外建立哺乳動(dòng)物的單倍體細(xì)胞系,那將極大地促進(jìn)哺乳動(dòng)物遺傳學(xué)及相關(guān)生命科學(xué)的研究,。
4月27日,,國(guó)際著名學(xué)術(shù)期刊Cell發(fā)表了中國(guó)科學(xué)院生物化學(xué)與細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所李勁松研究組和徐國(guó)良研究組的一項(xiàng)合作研究,,他們建立了來(lái)自孤雄囊胚的單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系,,證明這些細(xì)胞保持了一定水平的雄性印記,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證這些細(xì)胞能夠代替精子在注入卵母細(xì)胞后產(chǎn)生健康的小鼠,。
為了獲得單倍體的孤雄囊胚,,研究人員采用了核移植的技術(shù),即將卵母細(xì)胞的核通過(guò)顯微操作的方法去掉,,然后注入一個(gè)精子形成攜帶來(lái)自父本基因組的單倍體重構(gòu)胚胎,。這些胚胎在體外能夠發(fā)育到囊胚,從這些囊胚中分離建立了單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系,。
單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系具有典型的小鼠胚胎干細(xì)胞特征,,能夠在注入兩倍體囊胚中后形成嵌合體小鼠。因?yàn)榫釉谛纬蛇^(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生雄性印記狀態(tài),,這種印記狀態(tài)是受精后胚胎發(fā)育的重要保證,,而且在整個(gè)發(fā)育過(guò)程中一直維持,因此,,研究人員分析了單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系的雄性印記水平,,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些細(xì)胞保持了一定的雄性印記。
接下來(lái),,為了驗(yàn)證這些細(xì)胞是否能像精子一樣具有“受精”能力,,研究人員將單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系注入卵母細(xì)胞中,,發(fā)現(xiàn)部分“受精”的胚胎能夠發(fā)育成健康的小鼠。最后,,研究人員成功地利用單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系進(jìn)行了基因打靶的嘗試,。
單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系的建立為獲取遺傳操作的動(dòng)物模型提供了一種新的手段,也為細(xì)胞重編程研究提供了一種新的系統(tǒng),。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.002
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Generation of Genetically Modified Mice by Oocyte Injection of Androgenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells
Hui Yang, Linyu Shi, Bang-An Wang, Dan Liang, Cuiqing Zhong, Wei Liu, Yongzhan Nie, Jie Liu, Jing Zhao, Xiang Gao, Dangsheng Li, Guo-Liang Xu, Jinsong Li
Haploid cells are amenable for genetic analysis. Recent success in the derivation of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) via parthenogenesis has enabled genetic screening in mammalian cells. However, successful generation of live animals from these haESCs, which is needed to extend the genetic analysis to the organism level, has not been achieved. Here, we report the derivation of haESCs from androgenetic blastocysts. These cells, designated as AG-haESCs, partially maintain paternal imprints, express classical ESC pluripotency markers, and contribute to various tissues, including the germline, upon injection into diploid blastocysts. Strikingly, live mice can be obtained upon injection of AG-haESCs into MII oocytes, and these mice bear haESC-carried genetic traits and develop into fertile adults. Furthermore, gene targeting via homologous recombination is feasible in the AG-haESCs. Our results demonstrate that AG-haESCs can be used as a genetically tractable fertilization agent for the production of live animals via injection into oocytes.