電壓門控鈉離子通道NavRh的整體結(jié)構(gòu)是由四個(gè)亞基組成的空間上不完全對(duì)稱的四聚體,。通道中心為孔道結(jié)構(gòu)域,,四周圍繞的是電壓感應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)域。
5月21日,,清華大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院顏寧教授研究組在Nature在線發(fā)表了名為《電壓門控鈉離子通道細(xì)菌同源蛋白的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)》(Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel)的科研論文,,報(bào)道了電壓門控鈉離子通道細(xì)菌同源蛋白NavRh的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),并對(duì)其功能性質(zhì)和工作機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究,。這是世界上首次解析出處于滅活構(gòu)象(inactivated conformation)的電壓門控離子通道的結(jié)構(gòu),,也是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)鈉離子通道中的抑制離子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。
電壓門控鈉離子通道(Voltage gated sodium channel)廣泛存在于人體中,,能夠引起可激活細(xì)胞的動(dòng)作電位,,在神經(jīng)興奮與傳導(dǎo)、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)控,、心臟搏動(dòng),、平滑肌蠕動(dòng)和骨骼肌收縮等過(guò)程中都具有重要功能,是人體電信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)過(guò)程的必需蛋白,。電壓門控鈉離子通道的功能缺陷將會(huì)引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的疾病,,如高血鉀周期性麻痹,、強(qiáng)直性肌痙攣癥和心律不齊等,因而鈉離子通道是重要的藥物靶點(diǎn),。
國(guó)際上對(duì)于電壓門控鈉離子通道的功能研究已有60余年,。相比于鉀離子通道的結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)研究進(jìn)展,鈉離子通道的結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)研究,,由于技術(shù)上的巨大難度,,進(jìn)展十分緩慢。2001年發(fā)現(xiàn)了電壓門控鈉離子通道的細(xì)菌同源蛋白,,從而為解析鈉離子通道的結(jié)構(gòu)提供了可能,。10多年來(lái)全世界許多結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室都將這項(xiàng)課題作為攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目。
經(jīng)過(guò)多年的不懈努力,,顏寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)解析了電壓門控鈉離子通道NavRh的三維晶體結(jié)構(gòu),,首次從結(jié)構(gòu)的角度報(bào)道了抑制離子鈣離子在電壓門控鈉離子通道的結(jié)合位點(diǎn),也是首次獲得處于滅活構(gòu)象的電壓門控離子通道,。通過(guò)與另一電壓門控鈉離子通道NavAb的結(jié)構(gòu)比對(duì),顏寧研究組首次根據(jù)三維晶體結(jié)構(gòu)模擬了通道中門控電荷(gating charges)的轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程,。這項(xiàng)工作不但為真核電壓門控鈉離子通道功能的進(jìn)一步研究提供有力的結(jié)構(gòu)依據(jù),,而且為該領(lǐng)域存在的重大爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題提供結(jié)構(gòu)線索。此外,,相對(duì)高性價(jià)比的純化和結(jié)晶方法,,使得NavRh可以用來(lái)進(jìn)行以結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)的藥物設(shè)計(jì)和藥物篩選。
此項(xiàng)研究與哈佛大學(xué)David Clapham教授以及諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者,、洛克菲勒大學(xué)Roderick Mackinnon教授等研究組合作完成,。上海同步輻射以及日本SPring-8同步輻射為數(shù)據(jù)收集提供了及時(shí)有效的支持。
電壓門控鈉離子通道NavRh的整體結(jié)構(gòu)是由四個(gè)亞基組成的空間上不完全對(duì)稱的四聚體,。通道中心為孔道結(jié)構(gòu)域,,四周圍繞的是電壓感應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)域。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature11054
PMC:
PMID:
Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel
Xu Zhang, Wenlin Ren, Paul DeCaen, Chuangye Yan, Xiao Tao, Lin Tang, Jingjing Wang, Kazuya Hasegawa, Takashi Kumasaka, Jianhua He, Jiawei Wang, David E. Clapham & Nieng Yan
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are essential for the rapid depolarization of nerve and muscle1, and are important drug targets2. Determination of the structures of Nav channels will shed light on ion channel mechanisms and facilitate potential clinical applications. A family of bacterial Nav channels, exemplified by the Na+-selective channel of bacteria (NaChBac)3, provides a useful model system for structure–function analysis. Here we report the crystal structure of NavRh, a NaChBac orthologue from the marine alphaproteobacterium HIMB114 (Rickettsiales sp. HIMB114; denoted Rh), at 3.05 Å resolution. The channel comprises an asymmetric tetramer. The carbonyl oxygen atoms of Thr 178 and Leu 179 constitute an inner site within the selectivity filter where a hydrated Ca2+ resides in the crystal structure. The outer mouth of the Na+ selectivity filter, defined by Ser 181 and Glu 183, is closed, as is the activation gate at the intracellular side of the pore. The voltage sensors adopt a depolarized conformation in which all the gating charges are exposed to the extracellular environment. We propose that NavRh is in an ‘inactivated’ conformation. Comparison of NavRh with NavAb4 reveals considerable conformational rearrangements that may underlie the electromechanical coupling mechanism of voltage-gated channels.