溫度是決定魚類生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育,、攝食和繁殖等生命活動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)因子,。環(huán)境溫度對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)的正確折疊、組裝,、活性和穩(wěn)定性,，以及膜的流動(dòng)性和透過(guò)性等都有重要影響，即使是小幅度的溫度波動(dòng)也會(huì)對(duì)細(xì)胞的平衡狀態(tài)和生理功能造成影響,。魚類經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到由水流,、陽(yáng)光照射、季節(jié)變化和溫躍層變動(dòng)等造成的水溫變化,。為了抵抗環(huán)境溫度變化造成的不利影響和維持細(xì)胞的正常功能,，魚類進(jìn)化形成了有效的溫度刺激適應(yīng)機(jī)制。
中國(guó)科學(xué)院水生生物研究所崔宗斌學(xué)科組研究了低溫和高溫暴露后斑馬魚幼體的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá),。將受精后96h的斑馬魚幼體分別于16℃（低溫）,、28℃（對(duì)照）和34℃（高溫）處理2h和48h，用Agilent斑馬魚表達(dá)譜芯片檢測(cè)基因表達(dá),，共鑒定出2680個(gè)受溫度調(diào)控的基因,，其中大部分基因?qū)囟却碳さ捻憫?yīng)尚未被報(bào)道。生物信息學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明,，溫度刺激后上調(diào)表達(dá)的基因所參與的生物學(xué)過(guò)程主要包括轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控,、核小體組裝、染色質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),、蛋白質(zhì)折疊,、RNA加工、細(xì)胞金屬離子動(dòng)態(tài)平衡和蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)等,，參與的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路主要包括mTOR信號(hào)通路,、p53信號(hào)通路,、晝夜節(jié)律、脂肪細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)通路,、蛋白輸出和精氨酸脯氨酸代謝等,。該研究鑒定出大量的受低溫和高溫刺激特異性誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的基因，分析了這些基因所參與的生物學(xué)過(guò)程和信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路,，為揭示響應(yīng)溫度變化的魚類基因表達(dá)調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供了重要線索,。
該研究工作得到國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金和國(guó)家863項(xiàng)目資助，由龍勇助理研究員等人完成,，相關(guān)研究結(jié)果已在PLoS ONE發(fā)表,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037209
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Transcriptomic Characterization of Temperature Stress Responses in Larval Zebrafish
Yong Long1, Linchun Li2, Qing Li1, Xiaozhen He1, Zongbin Cui1*
Temperature influences nearly all biochemical, physiological and life history activities of fish, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the temperature acclimation remains largely unknown. Previous studies have identified many temperature-regulated genes in adult tissues; however, the transcriptional responses of fish larvae to temperature stress are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the transcriptional responses in larval zebrafish exposed to cold or heat stress using microarray analysis. In comparison with genes expressed in the control at 28°C, a total of 2680 genes were found to be affected in 96 hpf larvae exposed to cold (16°C) or heat (34°C) for 2 and 48 h and most of these genes were expressed in a temperature-specific and temporally regulated manner. Bioinformatic analysis identified multiple temperature-regulated biological processes and pathways. Biological processes overrepresented among the earliest genes induced by temperature stress include regulation of transcription, nucleosome assembly, chromatin organization and protein folding. However, processes such as RNA processing, cellular metal ion homeostasis and protein transport and were enriched in genes up-regulated under cold exposure for 48 h. Pathways such as mTOR signalling, p53 signalling and circadian rhythm were enriched among cold-induced genes, while adipocytokine signalling, protein export and arginine and praline metabolism were enriched among heat-induced genes. Although most of these biological processes and pathways were specifically regulated by cold or heat, common responses to both cold and heat stresses were also found. Thus, these findings provide new interesting clues for elucidation of mechanisms underlying the temperature acclimation in fish.
