最新的《自然—細(xì)胞生物學(xué)》刊登一項(xiàng)研究稱,，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種因子，與先天性巨痣及其引起的黑色素瘤等出生胎記的形成和存在有著密切聯(lián)系,。該發(fā)現(xiàn)或能有助于開發(fā)針對(duì)惡性胎記的治療新方法。
Olga Shakhova,， Lukas Sommer等人對(duì)患有黑色素瘤的小鼠模型進(jìn)行研究,，該小鼠的黑色素瘤中含有已知的突變促進(jìn)因子Nras,，但缺少INK4a這種在人體黑色素瘤中并不活躍的因子,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)該小鼠模型和患有先天性巨痣以及黑色素瘤的人體具有顯著的相似性,。他們接著發(fā)現(xiàn)在小鼠和人身上獲得的黑色素瘤和巨痣的樣本中,，一種名為Sox10的因子均含有較高的水平含量，先前研究已證明Sox10是神經(jīng)嵴干細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化形成皮膚色素細(xì)胞的發(fā)育過程所必需的,。研究人員進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)通過抑制神經(jīng)嵴干細(xì)胞并阻斷細(xì)胞的增殖和存活，可降低Sox10的水平含量,，從而阻止黑色素瘤的形成,。
由此研究人員得出結(jié)論：Sox10在先天性巨痣和黑色素瘤的形成和存在方面起著關(guān)鍵作用,。這為開發(fā)出針對(duì)入侵性皮膚癌的治療方法提供潛在的依據(jù)。（生物谷Bioon.com)
doi：10.1038/ncb2535
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Sox10 promotes the formation and maintenance of giant congenital naevi and melanomaOlga Shakhova,，1 Daniel Zingg,，1 Simon M. Schaefer,，1 Lisette Hari,，1 Gianluca Civenni,，1 Jacqueline Blunschi,，1 Stéphanie Claudinot，2 Michal Okoniewski,，3 Friedrich Beermann,，4 Daniela Mihic-Probst,，5 Holger Moch,，5 Michael Wegner，6 Reinhard Dummer,，7 Yann Barrandon,，2 Paolo Cinelli8， 9 & Lukas Sommer1Giant congenital naevi are pigmented childhood lesions that frequently lead to melanoma， the most aggressive skin cancer. The mechanisms underlying this malignancy are largely unknown,， and there are no effective therapies. Here we describe a mouse model for giant congenital naevi and show that naevi and melanoma prominently express Sox10， a transcription factor crucial for the formation of melanocytes from the neural crest. Strikingly,， Sox10 haploinsufficiency counteracts NrasQ61K-driven congenital naevus and melanoma formation without affecting the physiological functions of neural crest derivatives in the skin. Moreover,， Sox10 is also crucial for the maintenance of neoplastic cells in vivo. In human patients,， virtually all congenital naevi and melanomas are SOX10 positive. Furthermore,， SOX10 silencing in human melanoma cells suppresses neural crest stem cell properties,， counteracts proliferation and cell survival,， and completely abolishes in vivo tumour formation. Thus， SOX10 represents a promising target for the treatment of congenital naevi and melanoma in human patients.
