2012年9月2日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,,來自弗雷德里希米歇爾生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的科學(xué)家闡明了組蛋白修飾可以導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞核周圍靜止基因的沉默,,相關(guān)研究成果刊登在了近日的國(guó)際雜志Cell上。文中,,研究者揭示了至少在兩種水平上,,組蛋白H3 9位賴氨酸的甲基化可以引發(fā)異染色質(zhì)定位在核被膜處。
在細(xì)胞核中存在的有大量的DNA和RNA,,主要來負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)行基因表達(dá)以及基因組的復(fù)制和修復(fù),,并且調(diào)節(jié)必要的生物過程。
在這項(xiàng)研究中,,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)SAM合成酶(S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶)可以為賴氨酸甲基化作用提供萬能的供應(yīng)需求,而且SAM(S-腺苷甲硫氨酸)對(duì)于細(xì)胞核染色質(zhì)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)目臻g分離也異常重要。當(dāng)研究者干擾SAM合成時(shí),,發(fā)現(xiàn)組蛋白的甲基化水平明顯下降,,而且在異染色質(zhì)中的沉默基因也會(huì)被激活。
假設(shè)組氨酸內(nèi)部的特定賴氨酸的甲基化是異染色質(zhì)沉默(heterochromatin sequestration)的主要信號(hào),,那么研究者目前試圖研究哪種酶類可以從SAM上將甲基集團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)移至組蛋白殘基上,。研究者Towbin識(shí)別出了兩種組蛋白甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶類(HMTs),其可以連續(xù)性地產(chǎn)生在組蛋白H3位的三重賴氨酸的甲基化作用,。
MET-2是哺乳動(dòng)物SET DB1酶的同源物,,其可以在特定殘基處沉淀甲基基團(tuán)。當(dāng)一種新型的HMT-SET-25可以堆積第三個(gè)甲基基團(tuán),,就產(chǎn)生了H3K9me3,,H3K9的每一種修飾形式都會(huì)提供一種信號(hào)來觸發(fā)修飾的核小體轉(zhuǎn)移至核外膜上。
研究者和其同事揭示了SET-25可以和異染色質(zhì)共同來支撐H3K9的三重甲基化作用,,SET-25可以在細(xì)胞核外部積累并且促進(jìn)異染色質(zhì)基因的抑制,,而其抑制取決于單倍和雙重甲基化標(biāo)記的積累,這也揭示了異染色質(zhì)是以SET-25來進(jìn)行靶位的,。
研究者表示,,盡管研究結(jié)果是在秀麗隱桿線蟲中觀察到的,但是哺乳動(dòng)物也存在相同的蛋白質(zhì)以及相同的細(xì)胞過程,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:The role of H3K9 in bringing order to the nucleus
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.051
PMC:
PMID:
Step-Wise Methylation of Histone H3K9 Positions Heterochromatin at the Nuclear Periphery
Benjamin D. Towbin1, 2, Cristina González-Aguilera3, Ragna Sack1, Dimos Gaidatzis1, Véronique Kalck1, Peter Meister1, 4, Peter Askjaer3 and Susan M. Gasser1, 2, ,
The factors that sequester transcriptionally repressed heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery are currently unknown. In a genome-wide RNAi screen, we found that depletion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase reduces histone methylation globally and causes derepression and release of heterochromatin from the nuclear periphery in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Analysis of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) showed that elimination of two HMTs, MET-2 and SET-25, mimics the loss of SAM synthetase, abrogating the perinuclear attachment of heterochromatic transgenes and of native chromosomal arms rich in histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. The two HMTs target H3K9 in a consecutive fashion: MET-2, a SETDB1 homolog, mediates mono- and dimethylation, and SET-25, a previously uncharacterized HMT, deposits H3K9me3. SET-25 colocalizes with its own product in perinuclear foci, in a manner dependent on H3K9me3, but not on its catalytic domain. This colocalization suggests an autonomous, self-reinforcing mechanism for the establishment and propagation of repeat-rich heterochromatin./P>