2012年12月5日訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --盡管近期的研究表明,,在成年哺乳動物心臟中有新的心肌細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,,但這些新的心肌細(xì)胞的更新周期、來源仍然未知,。來自布里格姆婦女醫(yī)院(BWH)的研究人員,,利用了一種新方法來鑒別這些新的心肌細(xì)胞,并描述了它們的起源,。該項研究的結(jié)果已發(fā)表于本期Nature,。
一種復(fù)雜的成像系統(tǒng)(MIMS)演示了成年哺乳動物心臟中的細(xì)胞分裂。
“心肌細(xì)胞多久更新,,這一問題極難回答,,因為需要一種新的技術(shù)來幫助了解這個過程。我們的研究結(jié)果令人興奮,,因為利用這種新方法,,我們能夠展示新的心肌細(xì)胞。多重同位素成像質(zhì)譜(Multi-isotope Imaging Mass Spectrometry,,MIMS)技術(shù)由合作者Claude Lechene博士開發(fā),,我們利用該技術(shù)解決了心肌細(xì)胞再生的問題,。”研究人員Richard T.Lee說道。“這些數(shù)據(jù)解決了圍繞新的心肌細(xì)胞生成的謎團(tuán),。”
在小鼠模型中,,研究人員通過基因技術(shù)使現(xiàn)有的心肌細(xì)胞表達(dá)一種綠色熒光蛋白。并在接下來的數(shù)個月里,,利用多同位素成像質(zhì)譜(MIMS)來檢查新的心肌細(xì)胞的生成,。
研究人員驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn),新的心肌細(xì)胞主要源自現(xiàn)有的心肌細(xì)胞,,而不是干細(xì)胞,。即使在心臟病發(fā)作(heart attack)情況下,大部分新的心肌細(xì)胞仍來源于現(xiàn)有細(xì)胞,。而此前認(rèn)為,,心臟病發(fā)作時,心臟內(nèi)的干細(xì)胞被激活,。
這些數(shù)據(jù)表明,,現(xiàn)有的心肌細(xì)胞,是正常成年哺乳動物心肌細(xì)胞更新(cardiomyocyte replacement)及心肌損傷后心肌穩(wěn)態(tài)(myocardial homeostasis)的最主要來源,。
我們的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,,新的心肌細(xì)胞生成主要有成年心肌細(xì)胞負(fù)責(zé)。隨著慢慢變老,,我們失去了某種能力,,來生成新的心肌細(xì)胞。這意味著,,在下半輩子的生活中,,我們將失去重建心臟的能力,而這時候大多數(shù)心臟疾病正向我們襲來,。如果我們能揭示,,為什么這種情況會發(fā)生,我們可能能夠釋放一些心臟再生的潛能,。(生物谷bioon.com)
編譯自:The Birth of New Cardiac Cells: Where New Heart Cells Come from
doi:10.1038/nature11682
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Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes
Samuel E. Senyo, Matthew L. Steinhauser, Christie L. Pizzimenti, et al
Abstract:Although recent studies have revealed that heart cells are generated in adult mammals, the frequency of generation and the source of new heart cells are not yet known. Some studies suggest a high rate of stem cell activity with differentiation of progenitors to cardiomyocytes1. Other studies suggest that new cardiomyocytes are born at a very low rate2, 3, 4, and that they may be derived from the division of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Here we show, by combining two different pulse–chase approaches—genetic fate-mapping with stable isotope labelling, and multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry—that the genesis of cardiomyocytes occurs at a low rate by the division of pre-existing cardiomyocytes during normal ageing, a process that increases adjacent to areas of myocardial injury. We found that cell cycle activity during normal ageing and after injury led to polyploidy and multinucleation, but also to new diploid, mononucleate cardiomyocytes. These data reveal pre-existing cardiomyocytes as the dominant source of cardiomyocyte replacement in normal mammalian myocardial homeostasis as well as after myocardial injury.