據(jù)物理學(xué)家組織網(wǎng)近日?qǐng)?bào)道,美國(guó)明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)利樂(lè)海(Lillehei)心臟研究所發(fā)現(xiàn),,只打開(kāi)一個(gè)叫做Mesp1的基因,,就能讓干細(xì)胞分化生成心臟、血液和肌肉等多種細(xì)胞類型,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞_干細(xì)胞》雜志上,。
多年來(lái),干細(xì)胞研究人員一直致力于為再生醫(yī)學(xué)造出不同類型的細(xì)胞,,心臟研究人員對(duì)Mesp1基因尤其感興趣,。他們認(rèn)為,Mesp1位于基因調(diào)控級(jí)別的最高層,,是心血管發(fā)育的“主控因子”,,能開(kāi)啟心臟轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,指導(dǎo)心臟中胚葉生成,,并預(yù)防干細(xì)胞分化成其他細(xì)胞類型,。
“但我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這一基因還有其他功能,,在血液和骨骼肌的發(fā)育中也起著重要作用,。”指導(dǎo)該實(shí)驗(yàn)的明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科系副教授邁克爾·凱巴說(shuō),“結(jié)果變成什么取決于細(xì)胞感知周圍環(huán)境而傳達(dá)給它的化學(xué)信號(hào),。”
為了確定在早期胚胎細(xì)胞群中哪些會(huì)對(duì)Mesp1起反應(yīng),,研究人員精心設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn),以掌握Mesp1在干細(xì)胞發(fā)育過(guò)程的不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)上會(huì)做什么,。他們?cè)谔厥鈺r(shí)點(diǎn)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉Mesp1基因,,并精確調(diào)節(jié)培養(yǎng)環(huán)境,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這一基因能做的事比以前認(rèn)為的更多,,不僅能讓干細(xì)胞變成心臟細(xì)胞,,還能變成血細(xì)胞和肌肉細(xì)胞。
“這完全出乎預(yù)料,,但我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)也把以往關(guān)于Mesp1的發(fā)現(xiàn)中的矛盾之處聯(lián)系在一起,。”論文第一作者、實(shí)驗(yàn)室博士后珊尼·詹說(shuō),,“以前有些研究報(bào)告稱,,Mesp1在某些特定環(huán)境下不能讓干細(xì)胞發(fā)育成心臟細(xì)胞?,F(xiàn)在我們知道了這是為什么。”
凱巴小組進(jìn)一步證明,,在那些將發(fā)育成骨髓內(nèi)成熟干細(xì)胞和骨骼肌干細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞中,,也會(huì)出現(xiàn)Mesp1,前者會(huì)形成血細(xì)胞,,后者會(huì)形成新的肌肉纖維,。
“我們非常驚訝一個(gè)基因能做這么多事!”詹說(shuō),,“掌握了Mesp1的作用,,可以讓我們?cè)谥圃觳煌?xì)胞類型時(shí)成功率更高,也更高效,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓我們向把干細(xì)胞技術(shù)用于再生醫(yī)學(xué)更近了一步,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.03.004
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Mesp1 patterns mesoderm into cardiac, hematopoietic, or skeletal myogenic progenitors in a context-dependent manner
Chan Sunny Sun-Kin SS,Shi Xiaozhong X,Toyama Akira A,Arpke Robert W RW,Dandapat Abhijit A,Iacovino Michelina M,Kang Jinjoo J,Le Gengyun G,Hagen Hannah R HR,Garry Daniel J DJ,Kyba Michael M
Mesp1 is regarded as the master regulator of cardiovascular development, initiating the cardiac transcription factor cascade to direct the generation of cardiac mesoderm. To define the early embryonic cell population that responds to Mesp1, we performed pulse inductions of gene expression over tight temporal windows following embryonic stem cell differentiation. Remarkably, instead of promoting cardiac differentiation in the initial wave of mesoderm, Mesp1 binds to the Tal1 (Scl) +40 kb enhancer and generates Flk-1+ precursors expressing Etv2 (ER71) and Tal1 that undergo hematopoietic differentiation. The second wave of mesoderm responds to Mesp1 by differentiating into PDGFRα+ precursors that undergo cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, in the absence of serum-derived factors, Mesp1 promotes skeletal myogenic differentiation. Lineage tracing revealed that the majority of yolk sac and many adult hematopoietic cells derive from Mesp1+ precursors. Thus, Mesp1 is a context-dependent determination factor, integrating the stage of differentiation and the signaling environment to specify different lineage outcomes.