干細(xì)胞領(lǐng)域國際期刊《干細(xì)胞》(Stem Cells)近日在線發(fā)表了中科院上海生科院生物化學(xué)與細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所王綱研究組的最新研究成果——Stimulation of somatic cell reprogramming by ERas-Akt-FoxO1 signaling axis,。該工作發(fā)現(xiàn)與癌癥相關(guān)的ERas-Akt信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路通過克服抑癌基因FoxO1的阻礙作用,,促進(jìn)體細(xì)胞的“重編程”而產(chǎn)生誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞,,為誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生原理及方法改進(jìn)提供了新的視角,。
多能干細(xì)胞(Pluripotent Stem Cells)具有自我更新、快速增殖和向三個(gè)胚層細(xì)胞分化的多能性等特征,,理論上可以為細(xì)胞治療提供無限的細(xì)胞來源,,是再生醫(yī)學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的研究方向。近年來,,一項(xiàng)極為突出的重編程技術(shù),,是通過外源過表達(dá)多能性轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(Oct4,Sox2,,Klf4和c-Myc)將已分化的體細(xì)胞逆轉(zhuǎn)為誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,,iPSCs)。iPSC技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)為細(xì)胞治療及很多遺傳疾病的研究帶來了新的希望,,但目前iPS技術(shù)仍面臨著誘導(dǎo)效率低及分子機(jī)理不清等問題,。
在王綱研究員指導(dǎo)下,博士研究生于勇等人通過一系列分子和細(xì)胞生物學(xué)手段發(fā)現(xiàn),,在干細(xì)胞及某些癌癥細(xì)胞中高表達(dá)的一個(gè)基因ERas可以加速iPSC誘導(dǎo)進(jìn)程并提高其產(chǎn)生效率,。在重編程過程中,ERas緊密偶聯(lián)Akt信號參與對iPSC誘導(dǎo)的促進(jìn)作用,,而且ERas對Akt信號激活只發(fā)生在體細(xì)胞重編程過程中一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段,。進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),抑癌基因FoxO1是體細(xì)胞重編程過程中的一個(gè)障礙,,而ERas-Akt信號對iPSC的促進(jìn)通是通過克服FoxO1的阻礙而起作用,。
多能干細(xì)胞與癌癥細(xì)胞在細(xì)胞生物學(xué)特征上有諸多相似性,比如快速增殖,、分裂而不分化等特征,。Akt磷酸化與成體干細(xì)胞和癌癥干細(xì)胞的活化有著密切的聯(lián)系,,例如磷酸化的Akt則可以作為分子標(biāo)記區(qū)分靜息態(tài)和活化態(tài)的表皮干細(xì)胞;有研究推斷,,在某些組織里面,癌癥干細(xì)胞可能起源于正常的成體干細(xì)胞或祖細(xì)胞,,而非正常激活的Akt信號也可用于標(biāo)記著癌癥細(xì)胞的起始,。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),重編程過程中的細(xì)胞命運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)變可能伴隨著Akt信號的激活和下降。作為癌癥生物學(xué)中的重要通路,,ERas-Akt-FoxO1信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路在體細(xì)胞重編程過程中也發(fā)揮著積極的作用,這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)為了解iPSC形成機(jī)制提供了新的理解,,同時(shí)提出體內(nèi)的癌癥發(fā)生很可能是由體內(nèi)細(xì)胞的“重編程”事件所誘發(fā),。
這項(xiàng)研究工作得到了美國約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)程臨釗教授、中國科技大學(xué)高平教授,,以及生化與細(xì)胞所李勁松研究員和胡蘋研究員的大力支持,并獲得了中科院,、科技部及國家自然科學(xué)基金委的資助。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Stem Cell DOI: 10.1002/stem.1447
Stimulation of Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Eras-Akt-Foxo1 Signaling Axis
Yong Yu, Dan Liang, Qing Tian, Xiaona Chen, Bo Jiang, Bin-Kuan Chou, Ping Hu, Linzhao Cheng, Ping Gao, Jinsong Li, Gang Wang
Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) shares much similarity to the cancer initiation process, and the molecular mechanisms underlying both processes remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that a tumor- or embryonic stem cell(ESC)-specific Ras gene ERas, which encodes a constitutively active form of GTPase, and its downstream Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway are important facilitators for the somatic reprogramming process. We found that overexpression of ERas retrovirally enhanced mouse iPSC induction while ERas knockdown repressed it. Modulation of Akt signaling by genetic or chemical means greatly impacted the reprogramming efficiency. Forced expression of a constitutively active Akt1 gene could rescue the reduced efficiency resulting from ERas knockdown, and point-mutation analyses further revealed that ERas is tightly coupled with Akt signaling to enhance reprogramming. Mechanistically, the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 can function as a barrier to the iPSC induction, and the inactivation of FoxO1 by Akt-dependent phosphorylation largely accounts for the enhancing effect of ERas-Akt signaling on reprogramming. Collectively, these results unravel the significance of the ERas-Akt-FoxO1 signaling axis in iPSC generation, suggesting a possibly shared molecular basis for both somatic reprogramming and cancer initiation.