中科院生物化學(xué)與細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所李勁松研究組、神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所孫強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的非人靈長(zhǎng)類研究平臺(tái)（蘇州）和健康科學(xué)研究所金穎研究組合作，建立了來自食蟹猴孤雌囊胚的單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞系，為揭示靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物生命規(guī)律提供了新的重要的研究工具。相關(guān)研究成果日前發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞研究》,。
單倍體細(xì)胞為研究重要的生命科學(xué)問題提供了研究對(duì)象，但是，單倍體細(xì)胞一般只存在于低等生物中,。能否從非人靈長(zhǎng)類中獲得單倍體的細(xì)胞系是個(gè)極具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。由于猴的遺傳和生理特征與人類最為接近,，因此其是開展基礎(chǔ)和應(yīng)用生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的最佳模式動(dòng)物,。
為了獲得單倍體的囊胚，研究人員采用了孤雌激活的方法,，即將停滯在減數(shù)分裂II期的卵母細(xì)胞在體外通過化學(xué)刺激的方法誘導(dǎo)重新進(jìn)入細(xì)胞周期,，排除第二極體，使激活的卵母細(xì)胞能夠在體外發(fā)育到囊胚階段,。研究人員從孤雌激活的181枚卵母細(xì)胞中獲得了70枚囊胚,，建立了10株細(xì)胞系，其中有2株細(xì)胞系含有單倍體細(xì)胞（分別稱為MPH1和MPH2）,。
有意思的是,，MPH1在不進(jìn)行任何細(xì)胞分選富集的情況下能夠在體外維持單倍體細(xì)胞超過140天，而MPH2只能維持60天左右。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，這一差異與細(xì)胞本身的增長(zhǎng)速度沒有關(guān)系,。由于這兩株細(xì)胞來自兩只不同的供體猴，該差異可能是兩只供體猴本身的遺傳背景差異造成的,。
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,，食蟹猴孤雌單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞具有典型的靈長(zhǎng)類胚胎干細(xì)胞特征，表達(dá)靈長(zhǎng)類胚胎干細(xì)胞特異的蛋白,，能夠在體外分化成三胚層的細(xì)胞,，并能夠在免疫缺陷的小鼠體內(nèi)形成含有三胚層組織和細(xì)胞的畸胎瘤。重要的是,，該研究證明這些細(xì)胞能夠用于體外遺傳操作,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Cell Research doi: 10.1038/cr.2013.93
Generation of haploid embryonic stem cells from Macaca fascicularis monkey parthenotes
Hui Yang1,*, Zhen Liu2,*, Yu Ma3,*, Cuiqing Zhong1, Qi Yin1, Chikai Zhou1,4, Linyu Shi1, Yijun Cai2, Hanzhi Zhao3, Hui Wang5, Fan Tang3, Yan Wang2, Chenchen Zhang2, Xin-yuan Liu4, Dongmei Lai5, Ying Jin3, Qiang Sun2 and Jinsong Li1
Recent success in the derivation of haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) from mouse via parthenogenesis and androgenesis has enabled genetic screening in mammalian cells and generation of gene-modified animals. However, whether haESCs can be derived from primates remains unknown. Here, we report the derivation of haESCs from parthenogenetic blastocysts of Macaca fascicularis monkeys. These cells, termed as PG-haESCs, are pluripotent and can differentiate to cells of three embryonic germ layers in vitro or in vivo. Interestingly, the haploidy of one monkey PG-haESC line (MPH1) is more stable compared with that of the other one (MPH2), as shown by the existence of haploid cells for more than 140 days without fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) enrichment of haploid cells. Importantly, transgenic monkey PG-haESC lines can be generated by lentivirus- and piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer. Moreover, genetic screening is feasible in monkey PG-haESCs. Our results demonstrate that PG-haESCs can be generated from monkeys, providing an ideal tool for genetic analyses in primates.
