細(xì)胞生命活動(dòng)依賴于胞內(nèi)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng),。細(xì)胞內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)將大量需要運(yùn)輸?shù)奈镔|(zhì)分揀、包裝到膜狀的囊泡結(jié)構(gòu)中,,利用動(dòng)力蛋白(又稱為分子馬達(dá)molecular motor)水解ATP產(chǎn)生的能量驅(qū)動(dòng)囊泡在微管或微絲細(xì)胞骨架充當(dāng)?shù)能壍郎弦苿?dòng),,高效精確地將各種貨物定向運(yùn)輸?shù)较鄳?yīng)的亞細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)揮生理功能。囊泡運(yùn)輸分為幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié):貨物識(shí)別,、沿著微管軌道運(yùn)輸以及貨物卸載,。對(duì)于貨物識(shí)別機(jī)制的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,以微管細(xì)胞骨架為軌道驅(qū)動(dòng)逆向運(yùn)輸?shù)膁ynein/dynactin動(dòng)力蛋白復(fù)合體中某些亞基可通過囊泡表面的介導(dǎo)分子(cargo adaptor)特異性識(shí)別相應(yīng)的貨物。而胞內(nèi)運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域另一個(gè)重大問題,,即當(dāng)貨物到達(dá)靶細(xì)胞器時(shí),,動(dòng)力蛋白識(shí)別靶膜并將貨物精確卸載的分子機(jī)制尚不明晰。
SNX6是dynein/dynactin的貨物介導(dǎo)分子,,它通過與dynein/dynactin亞基p150Glued和retromer亞基SNX1分別直接作用,,將動(dòng)力蛋白復(fù)合體與retromer介導(dǎo)的囊泡貨物連接,介導(dǎo)從胞內(nèi)體(endosome)到反式高爾基體(trans-Golgi network)的逆向運(yùn)輸,。中國(guó)科學(xué)院遺傳與發(fā)育生物學(xué)研究所分子發(fā)育生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室劉佳佳研究組通過與中國(guó)科技大學(xué)田長(zhǎng)麟以及中國(guó)科學(xué)院生物物理研究所龔為民課題組的合作,,揭示了SNX6介導(dǎo)的貨物卸載機(jī)制,從而解答了細(xì)胞生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域這一長(zhǎng)期懸而未決的科學(xué)問題,。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)SNX6的PX結(jié)構(gòu)域不僅能與p150Glued結(jié)合,,而且與高爾基體膜富含的磷脂PtdIns4P有弱親合力。當(dāng)高爾基體膜中的PtdIns4P被去除后,,retromer介導(dǎo)的囊泡貨物CI-MPR在高爾基體附近區(qū)域大量積累,,說明PtdIns4P在dynein/dynactin驅(qū)動(dòng)的囊泡運(yùn)輸最后環(huán)節(jié)-貨物卸載中具有重要的調(diào)控作用。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,PtdIns4P對(duì)SNX6和p150Glued的結(jié)合具有負(fù)調(diào)控作用,,而且能夠促進(jìn)retromer和dynein/dynactin這兩個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)復(fù)合體的解離。這些結(jié)果表明高爾基體膜中的磷脂能夠通過抑制動(dòng)力蛋白-貨物相互作用而促進(jìn)動(dòng)力蛋白在靶細(xì)胞器膜精確釋放囊泡貨物,。不僅如此,,他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)PtdIns4P通過抑制貨物介導(dǎo)分子SNX4和dynein之間的結(jié)合調(diào)控另一種囊泡貨物transferrin及其受體從胞內(nèi)體到內(nèi)吞循環(huán)體(endocytic recycling compartment)的逆向運(yùn)輸,提示靶膜中的磷脂對(duì)動(dòng)力蛋白-貨物相互作用的調(diào)控可能是貨物卸載的普遍機(jī)制,。
該項(xiàng)研究成果于2013年3月24日在線發(fā)表于Nature Cell Biology(DOI: 10.1038/ncb2710)。劉佳佳實(shí)驗(yàn)室博士研究生牛洋為該論文的第一作者,,該研究得到了國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委,、科技部和中國(guó)科學(xué)院的資助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncb2710
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PtdIns(4)P regulates retromer–motor interaction to facilitate dynein–cargo dissociation at the trans-Golgi network
Yang Niu, Cheng Zhang, Zhe Sun, Zhi Hong, Ke Li, Demeng Sun, Yanrui Yang, Changlin Tian, Weimin Gong & Jia-Jia Liu
The molecular mechanisms for the retrograde motor dynein–dynactin to unload its cargoes at their final destination remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have investigated the regulatory mechanism underlying release of retromer-associated cargoes at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). We report that phosphotidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), a Golgi-enriched phosphoinositide, negatively regulates the protein–protein interaction between the p150Glued subunit of dynein–dynactin and the retromer component SNX6. We show that PtdIns(4)P specifically facilitates dissociation of retromer-mediated membranous cargoes from the motor at the TGN and uncover an important function for PtdIns(4)P in the spatial control of retrograde vesicular trafficking to the TGN membrane. PtdIns(4)P also regulates SNX4-mediated retrograde vesicular trafficking to the endocytic recycling compartment by modulating its interaction with dynein. These results establish organelle-specific phosphoinositide regulation of motor–cargo interaction as a mechanism for cargo release by molecular motors at target membrane.