來自北京生命科學(xué)研究所,,浙江大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)表了題為“Structurally Distinct Bacterial TBC-like GAPs Link Arf GTPase to Rab1 Inactivation to Counteract Host Defenses”的文章,揭示出了一種針對細(xì)胞囊泡運(yùn)輸關(guān)鍵因子:Rab GTPases的病原菌作用機(jī)制,這將有助于理解感染和致病的分子機(jī)理,,相關(guān)成果公布在Cell雜志上。
文章的通訊作者是北京生命科學(xué)研究所邵峰研究員,,以及浙江大學(xué)朱永群教授,。
Rab家族是Ras超家族的成員,也稱為Rab GTPase,。在人類基因組中有至少60個Rab基因,,并且從酵母到人類,許多Rab GTPases都是保守性的,。不同的Rab GTPases定位于特殊細(xì)胞內(nèi)膜的胞質(zhì)面,,能作為膜運(yùn)輸途徑中不同步驟的調(diào)控因子。由于這些作用因子是以GTP結(jié)合的形式存在,,因此可以召集特定的效應(yīng)蛋白聚集在膜上,,這樣Rab GTPases就嫩調(diào)控囊泡的形成,,肌動蛋白和微管蛋白相關(guān)囊泡的運(yùn)輸和膜融合。
對于病原體來說,,Rab GTPases也是液泡生活(vacuole-living)的細(xì)菌病原體一個常見的攻擊目標(biāo),。在這篇文章中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)菌的相關(guān)效應(yīng)因子,,包括非液泡性福氏志賀氏菌中的VirAl,,以及細(xì)胞外致病性大腸桿菌EPEC的EspG,能通過環(huán)繞TBC樣雙指結(jié)構(gòu)域,,表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)RabGAP活性,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)由VirA/EspG引發(fā)的Rab1的特異性失活,會導(dǎo)致內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)向高爾基體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)出現(xiàn)問題,,福氏志賀氏菌在宿主細(xì)胞內(nèi)的生存也需要VirginiaA TBC樣 GAP活性,,這能幫助細(xì)菌逃脫自噬細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的宿主防御攻勢。而由EspG引發(fā)的Rab1失活還會嚴(yán)重阻礙宿主的分泌途徑,,從而導(dǎo)致分泌細(xì)胞無法分泌白細(xì)胞介素8,。
除此之外,研究人員還分析了VirA/EspG-Rab1-GDP 氟化鋁復(fù)合物的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),,從而揭示出TBC樣對精氨酸和谷氨酰胺手指殘基的催化作用,,并提出了一種不同于TBC結(jié)構(gòu)域的3D框架。
ARF6-EspG-RAB1三元復(fù)合物的結(jié)構(gòu)也指出這是一種致病信號復(fù)合物,,能夠連通宿主Arf信號到Rab1失活,。VirA/ EspG結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異也進(jìn)一步指出了一種可能,即在對抗不同的宿主防御時,,TBC樣 RabGAP效應(yīng)因子廣泛存在,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.050
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Structurally Distinct Bacterial TBC-like GAPs Link Arf GTPase to Rab1 Inactivation to Counteract Host Defenses
Na Dong1, 3, Yongqun Zhu2, 3, , , Qiuhe Lu1, Liyan Hu1, Yuqing Zheng1 and Feng Shao1, ,
Rab GTPases are frequent targets of vacuole-living bacterial pathogens for appropriate trafficking of the vacuole. Here we discover that bacterial effectors including VirA from nonvacuole Shigella flexneri and EspG from extracellular Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) harbor TBC-like dual-finger motifs and exhibits potent RabGAP activities. Specific inactivation of Rab1 by VirA/EspG disrupts ER-to-Golgi trafficking. S. flexneri intracellular persistence requires VirA TBC-like GAP activity that mediates bacterial escape from autophagy-mediated host defense. Rab1 inactivation by EspG severely blocks host secretory pathway, resulting in inhibited interleukin-8 secretion from infected cells. Crystal structures of VirA/EspG-Rab1-GDP-aluminum fluoride complexes highlight TBC-like catalytic role for the arginine and glutamine finger residues and reveal a 3D architecture distinct from that of the TBC domain. Structure of Arf6-EspG-Rab1 ternary complex illustrates a pathogenic signaling complex that rewires host Arf signaling to Rab1 inactivation. Structural distinctions of VirA/EspG further predict a possible extensive presence of TBC-like RabGAP effectors in counteracting various host defenses.