研究人員警告說(shuō)，從猴子跳到人類身上的能跨越種間屏障的病毒能夠傷害人類和動(dòng)物,，而且人類應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)來(lái)降低這種病毒傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。華盛頓大學(xué)的研究人員將這篇特別報(bào)道發(fā)表在9月的American Journal of Primatology雜志上，并且成為該期雜志的封面故事,。
這篇特別報(bào)道對(duì)印度尼西亞的一個(gè)猴廟的觀光游客發(fā)生病毒傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了評(píng)估,，并且還包括一項(xiàng)有關(guān)一些限制猴子和人類接觸的手段如何能減少物種間傳播的研究。其他的一些研究人員描述感染猴子和猿類的人類病毒如何侵害動(dòng)物群體,。
研究人員Lisa Jones-Engel指出,，病毒已經(jīng)跨過(guò)物種屏障并同時(shí)影響人類和動(dòng)物的健康，有可能情況比預(yù)期的還要壞,。
研究人員相信導(dǎo)致艾滋病的HIV病毒最初是猿免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）,，并且在幾十年前跳到了人類身上（非洲人將猴子作為食物，并被這種病毒感染）,。,。氣體的病毒如流感病毒也能跨越種間屏障。研究人員估計(jì),，在每1000個(gè)參觀猴廟的游客中就有大約6個(gè)人會(huì)感染猿泡沫病毒（SFV）,。而這項(xiàng)研究向著量化與人類－猴子病毒傳播有關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的第一步。
部分英文原文：
Temple Monkeys and Health Implications of Commensalism, Kathmandu, Nepal
The threat of zoonotic transmission of infectious agents at monkey temples highlights the necessity of investigating the prevalence of enzootic infectious agents in these primate populations. Biological samples were collected from 39 rhesus macaques at the Swoyambhu Temple and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, polymerase chain reaction, or combination of these tests for evidence of infection with rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV), Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1), simian virus 40 (SV40), simian retrovirus (SRV), simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and simian foamy virus (SFV). Antibody seroprevalence was 94.9% to RhCMV (37/39), 89.7% to SV40 (35/39), 64.1% to CHV-1 (25/39), and 97.4% to SFV (38/39). Humans who come into contact with macaques at Swoyambhu risk exposure to enzootic primateborne viruses. We discuss implications for public health and primate management strategies that would reduce contact between humans and primates.
Most pathogens that affect humans are thought to have originated in animals and subsequently evolved to successfully parasitize human populations . Proximity and physical contact between animals and humans provide the opportunity for infectious agents to pass between the groups. Whether a particular infectious agent can successfully make the cross-species jump depends in part on the new host environment . By virtue of their genetic, physiologic, and behavioral similarity to humans, nonhuman primates (hereafter referred to as primates) are particularly likely sources of emerging infectious agents with the capacity to infect humans, and primate-to-human cross-species transmission of infectious agents has become a focus of scientific inquiry. Because human-primate contact is common in Asia, this continent is a rich area in which to pursue this research. We examine the prevalence of selected enzootic primateborne viruses in a population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that lives in close proximity to humans.
