Wheat plants that contain the Lr34 / Yr18 combination of genes also experience slower rates of rust infection. This prevents widespread and rapid increase of rust spores reducing the potential for disease epidemics throughout the crop.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了二個(gè)重要的抗銹病基因Lr34 和Yr18的DNA標(biāo)志，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于世界上的植物交配人員配種出更有效對(duì)抗黃銹病的小麥品種,。小麥如果同時(shí)獲得這二個(gè)基因,，將可以幫助小麥對(duì)抗葉銹病。
澳大利亞科學(xué)與工業(yè)研究院(CSIRO)的植物產(chǎn)業(yè)科學(xué)家Evans Lagudah博士表示,，雖然目前已經(jīng)有許多抗銹病品種,，但是只能對(duì)抗單一的銹病菌或有限的幾種銹病菌。
研究人員辨認(rèn)出可以出百分之99 有效標(biāo)示Lr34 和Yr18存在與否的DNA標(biāo)志,，這意味著植物繁殖人員可以透過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的DNA測(cè)試來(lái)追蹤抗銹病基因,。如果這個(gè)標(biāo)志存在，幾乎可以保證Lr34/Yr18也存在于植物中。
Lr34/Yr18 可以與其它抗銹病基因一起運(yùn)作,，促進(jìn)植物自我保護(hù)的效果,。含有Lr34/Yr18基因組合的小麥，感染黃銹病的速率也較為緩慢,。但是直到目前為止,，都很難追蹤小麥里的Lr34/Yr18基因，因?yàn)闀?huì)被其它抗銹病基因所掩蓋,。此外,，Lr34/Yr18測(cè)試的步驟也很漫長(zhǎng)，每季只能進(jìn)行一次,，而且只能檢測(cè)成熟的植物,。
如果利用DNA標(biāo)志來(lái)辨認(rèn)Lr34/Yr18基因，可以迅速地在幼苗進(jìn)行測(cè)試,。這個(gè)DNA標(biāo)志也適用于世界各地的小麥品種,，包括澳洲、印度,、中國(guó)、北美洲等地,。所以世界各地的小麥品種都能利用這個(gè)DNA標(biāo)志來(lái)辨認(rèn)Lr34/Yr18,。
英文原文：
Elusive Rust Resistance Genes Located
The discovery of a DNA marker for two key rust resistance genes is enabling plant breeders around the world to breed more effective rust resistant wheat varieties. The genes, Lr34 and Yr18 are inherited together and provide wheat plants with improved protection against leaf rust and stripe rust - two major diseases of wheat in Australia and worldwide.
CSIRO Plant Industry scientist, Dr Evans Lagudah, says various types of rust resistance have been bred into Australian varieties but work against a specific rust species and in some cases are only effective against a limited range of rust strains.
"We have identified a 'DNA marker' that is 99 per cent effective in flagging the presence of Lr34 and Yr18, which provide resistance against different species and strains of rust," Dr Lagudah says.
"This means that breeders can track the presence of this rust resistance through a simple DNA test. If the marker is present then it's almost guaranteed Lr34 / Yr18 will be too."
Plant breeders have long recognised the usefulness of Lr34 / Yr18, which work together with other rust resistance genes to boost the plants' capacity to defend itself.
Wheat plants that contain the Lr34 / Yr18 combination of genes also experience slower rates of rust infection. This prevents widespread and rapid increase of rust spores reducing the potential for disease epidemics throughout the crop.
"Up until now it has been difficult to track Lr34 / Yr18 in wheat because of the masking effect of other resistance genes," Dr Lagudah says.
"In addition, tests for Lr34 / Yr18 were slow and could only be done once per season and on adult plants growing in the paddock.
"Using the marker technology breeders can now quickly and easily test seedlings for the presence of Lr34 / Yr18, to establish known and unknown genes, and ideally combine different sources of resistance to speed up the delivery of new rust resistant wheat varieties."
The marker has proven effective in a range of wheats from different backgrounds including from Australia, India, China, North America and the major wheat research centre, CIMMYT.
Breeders in Australia and across the world are now using the marker so that the durable rust resistance offered by Lr34 / Yr18 can be incorporated into locally adapted wheat varieties.
