細(xì)胞分裂S期,組蛋白H3上第56位賴氨酸(H3-K56)發(fā)生乙?;?。H3-K56乙酰化作用重大,,失敗會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞對(duì)引發(fā)DNA損傷的條件非常敏感,。盡管如此,但科學(xué)家一直沒有找到組蛋白乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶(histone acetyltransferase ,,HAT)催化球形H3-K56乙?;目茖W(xué)證據(jù)。
Mayo臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院生化和分子生物學(xué)部的張治國(guó)(Zhiguo Zhang,,音譯),、韓鈞紅(Junhong Han,音譯)等與加州大學(xué)河畔分校以及紐約大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員合作,,發(fā)現(xiàn)Ty1轉(zhuǎn)座基因(transposition gene)的蛋白產(chǎn)物109(Rtt109)是種特殊的組蛋白乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶,。文章刊登于2月2日《Science》。
缺乏Rtt109或者rtt109上保守的天門冬氨酸殘基發(fā)生突變,,細(xì)胞的H3-K56乙?;芰适В⑶覍?duì)遺傳毒物(genotoxic agents)的敏感性增強(qiáng),,自發(fā)的染色體斷裂幾率上升,。因此研究人員認(rèn)為,Rtt109雖然與其它任何已知的乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶沒有同源序列,,但是一種乙?;疕3-K56的特異乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶。
張治國(guó)博士簡(jiǎn)介:
( 生物谷配圖)
更多生物圖片請(qǐng)進(jìn)入
本科(B.S.):應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)
國(guó)防科技大學(xué)(National University of Defense Technology)
碩士(M.S.):應(yīng)用化學(xué)
中國(guó)科學(xué)院大連化學(xué)物理研究所(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
博士(Ph.D.):生物化學(xué)
猶他州立大學(xué)(University of Utah)
博士后研究方向:啤酒酵母(S. cerevisiae)的表觀遺傳學(xué)(epigenetic inheritance)
冷泉港實(shí)驗(yàn)室Bruce Stillman實(shí)驗(yàn)室
當(dāng)前研究工作:
表觀遺傳(epigenetic inheritance),,染色體范圍的可遺傳的轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制(repression of transcription),,在調(diào)節(jié)基因表達(dá)中扮演重要角色,維持基因組的穩(wěn)定性和細(xì)胞的發(fā)育命運(yùn),。錯(cuò)誤的沉默(silencing),如DNA啟動(dòng)區(qū)(promoter regions)的異常甲基化(hyper-methylation)引起的腫瘤抑制基因失活,,直接導(dǎo)致癌癥,。張博士等關(guān)注細(xì)胞分裂S期時(shí)的表觀遺傳現(xiàn)象。
DNA復(fù)制相關(guān)的染色體組裝(chromatin assembly )過程中,,新合成的H3和H4被組氨酸分子伴侶如染色體組裝因子1(chromatin assembly factor 1 ,,CAF-1)、ASF-1和其它一些PCNA依賴過程的未知因子沉積下來,。沉積下來的組蛋白H2A和H2B形成核小體,。PCNA在DNA修復(fù)和復(fù)制過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,。PCNA與DNM(維持正常細(xì)胞和癌細(xì)胞DNA甲基化形式所必需的一種DNA胞嘧啶甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶)相互作用。
張博士通過兩種途徑研究表觀遺傳學(xué),。首先,,他們以啤酒酵母作為研究模型,研究表觀遺傳中DNA復(fù)制蛋白,,鑒別出三個(gè)與沉默有關(guān)的基因,,并將其中之一的蛋白產(chǎn)物命名為(EPA1),發(fā)現(xiàn)EPA1是一種調(diào)節(jié)沉默的新的組蛋白分子伴侶,。張博士還鑒別出染色體修復(fù)過程中的15中新的修復(fù)者,,但仍未探明其功能。其次,,張博士準(zhǔn)備將酵母中取得的結(jié)果應(yīng)用在哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中,,研究表觀遺傳學(xué)及其引發(fā)的癌癥。他們觀察DNMT1被募集到修復(fù)位點(diǎn)以及組蛋白修飾酶復(fù)制組蛋白密碼的機(jī)制,,希望設(shè)計(jì)出能夠激活癌細(xì)胞中被沉默的抑癌基因的治療劑,。
部分英文原文:
Science 2 February 2007:
Vol. 315. no. 5812, pp. 653 - 655
DOI: 10.1126/science.1133234
Reports
Rtt109 Acetylates Histone H3 Lysine 56 and Functions in DNA Replication
Junhong Han,1 Hui Zhou,1 Bruce Horazdovsky,1 Kangling Zhang,2 Rui-Ming Xu,3 Zhiguo Zhang1*
Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3-K56) occurs in S phase, and cells lacking H3-K56 acetylation are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. However, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that catalyzes global H3-K56 acetylation has not been found. Here we show that regulation of Ty1 transposition gene product 109 (Rtt109) is an H3-K56 HAT. Cells lacking Rtt109 or expressing rtt109 mutants with alterations at a conserved aspartate residue lose H3-K56 acetylation and exhibit increased sensitivity toward genotoxic agents, as well as elevated levels of spontaneous chromosome breaks. Thus, Rtt109, which shares no sequence homology with any other known HATs, is a unique HAT that acetylates H3-K56.
1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
2 Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
3 Structural Biology Program, Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]