生物谷:美國和瑞典的科學(xué)家近日從酵母菌體內(nèi)確定出一種新的酶,,它有望在人類等高等生物的DNA復(fù)制過程中起著重要的作用。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在7月6日的《科學(xué)》雜志上,。
進(jìn)行該項(xiàng)研究的是美國NIH國立環(huán)境衛(wèi)生科學(xué)研究所(NIEHS)的Zachary Pursell,、Thomas A. Kunkel以及瑞典Umeö大學(xué)的Erik Johansson等。NIEHS主任David A. Schwartz表示,,新的研究進(jìn)一步揭示了基因組不穩(wěn)定性的起源,,并加深了人們對(duì)一些環(huán)境疾病的深層機(jī)制的理解。
研究人員通過一種新的方法證實(shí),,這種名為DNA聚合酶ε(DNA polymerase epsilon)的酶在酵母菌的DNA先導(dǎo)鏈(leading strand)復(fù)制中起主要作用,。同時(shí),研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),,DNA聚合酶ε是影響基因組穩(wěn)定性的決定因素,,同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)細(xì)胞對(duì)環(huán)境壓力導(dǎo)致的DNA損傷的響應(yīng)。
1953年,,沃森和克里克等人就指出,,DNA雙螺旋是由一條先導(dǎo)鏈和一條后隨鏈(lagging strand)組成的。不久后,,Arthur Kornberg發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一類影響DNA復(fù)制過程的酶——DNA聚合酶,,它們要么負(fù)責(zé)復(fù)制先導(dǎo)鏈,,要么負(fù)責(zé)復(fù)制后隨鏈。進(jìn)一步的研究表明,,某些低等動(dòng)物甚至只需要一種DNA聚合酶就能完成所有復(fù)制工作,。
不過,在人類等高等動(dòng)物中,,DNA復(fù)制過程要復(fù)雜得多,。一些最新的研究表明,人類基因組能夠編碼15種DNA聚合酶,??茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為,其中的一些聚合酶主要負(fù)責(zé)基因組層面上的DNA復(fù)制,,而另一些在特定情況下才會(huì)起作用,,比如修復(fù)由環(huán)境因素造成的DNA損傷。
科學(xué)家表示,,新的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭開了一個(gè)半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的謎團(tuán),,找到了高等生物中負(fù)責(zé)最先復(fù)制先導(dǎo)鏈的酶。此外,,Kunkel認(rèn)為,,新的研究方法可進(jìn)一步用于確定與復(fù)制后隨鏈及修復(fù)DNA損傷相關(guān)的酶。(科學(xué)網(wǎng))
原始出處:
Science 6 July 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5834, pp. 127 - 130
DOI: 10.1126/science.1144067
Yeast DNA Polymerase Participates in Leading-Strand DNA Replication
Zachary F. Pursell,1 Isabelle Isoz,2 Else-Britt Lundström,2 Erik Johansson,2 Thomas A. Kunkel1*
Multiple DNA polymerases participate in replicating the leading and lagging strands of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Although 50 years have passed since the first DNA polymerase was discovered, the identity of the major polymerase used for leading-strand replication is uncertain. We constructed a derivative of yeast DNA polymerase that retains high replication activity but has strongly reduced replication fidelity, particularly for thymine-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (T-dTMP) but not adenine-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (A-dAMP) mismatches. Yeast strains with this DNA polymerase allele have elevated rates of T to A substitution mutations. The position and rate of these substitutions depend on the orientation of the mutational reporter and its location relative to origins of DNA replication and reveal a pattern indicating that DNA polymerase participates in leading-strand DNA replication.
1 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
2 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]