美國科學家的一項最新研究,,解開了新鮮泥土的清香氣味形成之謎,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),微生物體內(nèi)一種具有兩種不同功能的蛋白酶在土味素(geosmin)的合成過程中起著關鍵的作用,。該研究成果將對水凈化產(chǎn)生重要影響,,相關論文9月16日在線發(fā)表于《自然—化學生物學》上。
早在100多年前,,科學家就發(fā)現(xiàn)了決定泥土氣味的土味素,。土壤中的土味素主要由細菌制造,除了能散發(fā)出令人愉悅的香味,,土味素還會使水中產(chǎn)生刺激性的泥苦味,。不過,到目前為止,,科學家對土味素的生物合成機制知之甚少,。
領導最新研究的是美國布朗大學的化學教授David Cane。幾年前,,他發(fā)現(xiàn)了天藍鏈霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor)與制造土味素有關的基因,。去年,,他的研究小組又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種名為germacradienol/geosmin合成酶蛋白能將法尼基焦磷酸(farnesyl diphosphate)轉(zhuǎn)化為土味素,。
在最新的研究中,Cane小組發(fā)現(xiàn),,該蛋白會折疊成兩個不同但相連的部分(類似于啞鈴),,其中一部分負責土味素合成反應的前半部分,產(chǎn)生的化學物質(zhì)會傳送到該蛋白的另一部分,,從而合成出土味素,。Cane表示,“土味素是由具有兩種不同功能的酶制造出來的,,該過程的兩個步驟之間在代謝上是相關的,。同時,這種酶也是與制造土味素等萜類物質(zhì)相關,、且具有雙重功能的第一種酶,。”
論文第一作者、布朗大學化學系的Jiaoyang Jiang表示,新的發(fā)現(xiàn)將幫助微生物學家找到新的途徑,,以避免水中產(chǎn)生不好的氣味,。“土味素在玻璃杯中并不好聞,”她說,。(科學網(wǎng) 任霄鵬/編譯)
原始出處:
Nature Chemical Biology
Published online: 16 September 2007 | doi:10.1038/nchembio.2007.29
Biosynthesis of the earthy odorant geosmin by a bifunctional Streptomyces coelicolor enzyme
Jiaoyang Jiang1, Xiaofei He1 & David E Cane1
Geosmin (1) is responsible for the characteristic odor of moist soil, as well as off-flavors in drinking water and foodstuffs1, 2. Geosmin is generated from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP, 2) by an enzyme that is encoded by the SCO6073 gene in the soil organism Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (ref. 3). We have now shown that the recombinant N-terminal half of this protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent cyclization of FPP to germacradienol (3) and germacrene D (4), while the highly homologous C-terminal domain, previously thought to be catalytically silent, catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent conversion of germacradienol to geosmin. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the N- and C-terminal domains each harbor a distinct, independently functioning active site. A mutation in the N-terminal domain of germacradienol-geosmin synthase of a catalytically essential serine to alanine results in the conversion of FPP to a mixture of sesquiterpenes that includes an aberrant product identified as isolepidozene (6), which was previously suggested to be an enzyme-bound intermediate in the cyclization of FPP to germacradienol.
Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9108, USA.
Correspondence to: David E Cane1 Email: [email protected]