據(jù)外媒報道,，日本名古屋大學生物機能開發(fā)利用研究中心教授蘆苅基行等5月23日在美國科學雜志Nature Genetics網(wǎng)絡版上宣布,，已找到能使大米產(chǎn)量大幅增加的水稻基因,。
蘆苅教授指出,，通常產(chǎn)量要提高數(shù)個百分點已屬不易,，但是在試驗中卻增加了四成左右,。他表示：“希望同時進行病害蟲對策等研究,，在約5年后能把新品種無償發(fā)給農(nóng)戶,，為避免糧食危機發(fā)揮作用。”據(jù)介紹,，在同屬水稻科的谷類中,，該發(fā)現(xiàn)還同樣適用于染色體組構造與水稻相似的玉米和麥子。
研究小組將日本國內(nèi)普遍使用的“日本晴”和大米高產(chǎn)品種“ST-12”進行雜交，得到約4000株水稻,。通過調(diào)查染色體排列,，發(fā)現(xiàn)12根染色體中，第8染色體上有增加抽穗數(shù)量的遺傳基因,。
“日本晴”品種每株平均產(chǎn)米量為2200粒,，植入該遺傳基因后的“日本晴”的抽穗數(shù)量增加，產(chǎn)量達到約3100粒,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
更多閱讀
Nature Genetics：發(fā)現(xiàn)中國超級稻增產(chǎn)關鍵基因
PNAS：抗東格魯病毒的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻
轉(zhuǎn)基因植物安全性問題并非無解
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Nature Genetics doi:10.1038/ng.592
OsSPL14 promotes panicle branching and higher grain productivity in rice
Kotaro Miura,Mayuko Ikeda,Atsushi Matsubara,Xian-Jun Song,Midori Ito,Kenji Asano,Makoto Matsuoka,Hidemi Kitano& Motoyuki Ashikari
Identification of alleles that improve crop production and lead to higher-yielding varieties are needed for food security. Here we show that the quantitative trait locus WFP (WEALTHY FARMER'S PANICLE) encodes OsSPL14 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14, also known as IPA1). Higher expression of OsSPL14 in the reproductive stage promotes panicle branching and higher grain yield in rice. OsSPL14 controls shoot branching in the vegetative stage and is affected by microRNA excision. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using the OsSLP14WFP allele to increase rice crop yield. Introduction of the high-yielding OsSPL14WFP allele into the standard rice variety Nipponbare resulted in increased rice production.
