生命科學家在基因領域的“新大陸”——微小RNA(miRNA)領域,,又有了驚喜發(fā)現(xiàn):原本以為miRNA家族只是每個細胞“自產(chǎn)自用”的私家員工,,沒想到它們竟可以從“生產(chǎn)地”出發(fā),,跑遍生命體,,執(zhí)行“全球任務”,,而且作用比傳統(tǒng)的激素,、細胞因子等信號蛋白更加高效、強勁,,其能力效率堪比特工,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)使人類管窺到了一張全新的、巨大的生命調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡,。
以前,,科學家一直認為miRNA是一類喜歡“宅”的分子,從“出生”起,,一輩子就在一個細胞中活動??墒?,南京大學生命科學院教授張辰宇的團隊,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個家族極不平凡的一面,。在研究一種編號為miRNA150的微小RNA時,,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)免疫系統(tǒng)中的巨噬細胞在受到某種刺激后,,會增加制造出miRNA150,并釋放到循環(huán)的血液里,,這“小個子”又會順血流鉆入內(nèi)皮細胞中,,刺激內(nèi)皮細胞遷移。“血管內(nèi)壁的內(nèi)皮細胞一旦增殖與遷移增加,,脂肪斑塊就非常容易附著上去,,最終形成血栓。”張辰宇說,,這是動脈粥樣硬化形成的重要原因之一,,“如果發(fā)生在心臟中的冠狀動脈中,就是我們所熟悉的冠心病,。”
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)顯然又為人類治療這類疾病提供了一個新的機制與潛在的治療靶點,,但發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA的新特點,意義更為重大,。張辰宇告訴記者,,通過進一步研究,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA與一般的激素分子,、蛋白質(zhì)不同,,它似乎捧有“尚方寶劍”,能直接對基因“下令”,,而不是通過冗長而復雜的信號傳遞去影響基因活動,。更令人驚訝的是,一旦受到某種刺激,,細胞會產(chǎn)生許多不同的miRNA,,組成“特遣隊”,被“派遣”到相應的靶細胞里,,多管齊下,,共同完成相同目的的調(diào)控任務。
這些成果已發(fā)表在7月9日出版的著名學術(shù)期刊《分子細胞》上,。(生物谷Bioon.net)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Molecular Cell DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.06.010
Secreted Monocytic miR-150 Enhances Targeted Endothelial Cell Migration
Yujing Zhang, Danqing Liu, Xi Chen, Jing Li, Limin Li, Zhen Bian, Fei Sun, Jiuwei Lu, Yuan Yin, Xing Cai, Qi Sun, Kehui Wang, Yi Ba, Qiang Wang, Dongjin Wang, Junwei Yang, Pingsheng Liu, Tao Xu, Qiao Yan, Junfeng Zhang, Ke Zen, Chen-Yu Zhang
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate target gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Here, we report that secreted miRNAs can serve as signaling molecules mediating intercellular communication. In human blood cells and cultured THP-1 cells, miR-150 was selectively packaged into microvesicles (MVs) and actively secreted. THP-1-derived MVs can enter and deliver miR-150 into human HMEC-1 cells, and elevated exogenous miR-150 effectively reduced c-Myb expression and enhanced cell migration in HMEC-1 cells. In vivo studies confirmed that intravenous injection of THP-1 MVs significantly increased the level of miR-150 in mouse blood vessels. MVs isolated from the plasma of patients with atherosclerosis contained higher levels of miR-150, and they more effectively promoted HMEC-1 cell migration than MVs from healthy donors. These results demonstrate that cells can secrete miRNAs and deliver them into recipient cells where the exogenous miRNAs can regulate target gene expression and recipient cell function.