溫度脅迫是影響作物產(chǎn)量和地理分布的重要環(huán)境因子之一,高溫?zé)岷偷蜏乩浜τ绊懼参锷L發(fā)育的各個(gè)階段,。由于人類主要的食物是由開花植物通過有性生殖過程產(chǎn)生的,,因此認(rèn)識植物在有性生殖發(fā)育階段如何適應(yīng)溫度脅迫的機(jī)理,對于應(yīng)對環(huán)境變化對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響至關(guān)重要,。
目前,許多研究結(jié)果已經(jīng)比較詳細(xì)地闡述了溫度脅迫對植物生長發(fā)育的影響,,但其研究主要集中在植物根,、莖、葉等組織,,對發(fā)育階段時(shí)間比較短且非常復(fù)雜的植物生殖器官的研究非常少,。雖然如此,但科學(xué)家很早就注意到,,植物有性生殖對低溫冷脅迫高度敏感,,最終導(dǎo)致農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量大幅降低。在植物有性生殖階段,,溫度脅迫可以導(dǎo)致生殖器官結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的異常,,以及受精失敗等嚴(yán)重后果。目前認(rèn)為,,在植物整個(gè)生命周期中,,其雄性生殖器官發(fā)育對低溫冷脅迫最為敏感。
最近,中科院西雙版納熱帶植物園分子生物學(xué)研究組余迪求研究員指導(dǎo)的博士研究生鄒長松以模式植物擬南芥花粉為研究材料,,通過基因功能分析手段證實(shí)了植物成熟花粉粒對低溫冷脅迫敏感,,是由于花粉粒特異表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控因子WRKY34抑制低溫誘導(dǎo)的CBF1, CBF2和CBF3等基因表達(dá)所致。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表于國際期刊Journal of Experimental Botany,。
植物WRKY基因家族是植物獨(dú)有的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控因子超級家族,,在調(diào)控植物抵抗生物和非生物逆境脅迫反應(yīng)及其信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑方面發(fā)揮非常重要的生物學(xué)功能。鄒長松等的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,擬南芥轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控因子WRKY34基因在植物成熟花粉細(xì)胞中特異表達(dá),,同時(shí)受低溫冷脅迫強(qiáng)烈誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)。遺傳分析證明,,WRKY34基因T-DNA插入突變體(wrky34-1和wrky34-1)的成熟花粉粒對低溫冷脅迫的敏感性比野生型顯著降低,,其花粉活力在低溫冷脅迫后顯著高于野生型。通過比較分析低溫冷脅迫對植物成熟花粉粒的活力,、花粉萌發(fā),、花粉管伸長以及最終對植株種子產(chǎn)量等方面的影響,也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)wrky34成熟花粉的花粉活力顯著地高于野生型,;而且,,WRKY34高表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)基因植株的成熟花粉粒即使在沒有冷處理的條件下也表現(xiàn)出不育。這說明WRKY34作為一個(gè)負(fù)轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控因子,,參與了成熟花粉粒對低溫冷脅迫的響應(yīng),。在野生型植株的成熟花粉粒中,受低溫強(qiáng)烈誘導(dǎo)的CBF1, CBF2和CBF3基因不能被冷誘導(dǎo),,而在wrky34中CBF系列基因及其下游靶基因能夠被強(qiáng)烈的誘導(dǎo),,這表明WRKY34可能在成熟花粉粒中負(fù)調(diào)控CBF系列基因的表達(dá),從而參與成熟花粉粒對低溫冷脅迫的響應(yīng),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文出處:
J. Exp. Bot. (2010) 61 (14): 3901-3914. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq204
Male gametophyte-specific WRKY34 transcription factor mediates cold sensitivity of mature pollen in Arabidopsis
Changsong Zou1,2, Wenbo Jiang1 and Diqiu Yu1,*
Mature pollen is very sensitive to cold stress in chilling-sensitive plants. Plant WRKY DNA-binding transcription factors are key regulators in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Previous studies have suggested that WRKY34 (At4g26440) gene might be involved in pollen viability, although the mechanism involved is unclear. In this study, it is shown that cold treatment increased WRKY34 expression in the wild type, and promoter-GUS analysis revealed that WRKY34 expression is pollen-specific. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged WRKY34 was localized in the nuclei. Pollen harbouring the wrky34 allele showed higher viability than pollen with the WRKY34 allele after cold treatment. Further functional analysis indicated that the WRKY34 transcription factor was involved in pollen development regulated by the pollen-specific MIKC* class of MADS-domain transcription factors under cold stress, and cold-insensitivity of mature wrky34 pollen might be partly attributable to the enhanced expression of transcriptional activator CBFs in the mutants. Thus, the WRKY34 transcription factor negatively mediated cold sensitivity of mature Arabidopsis pollen and might be involved in the CBF signal cascade in mature pollen.