美國耶什華大學(xué)阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員近日意外發(fā)現(xiàn)一種特定基因的激活方式,,該發(fā)現(xiàn)或?qū)母旧细淖円酝茖W(xué)家對(duì)細(xì)胞同步協(xié)作方式的看法,。研究結(jié)果在線發(fā)表在12月5日的Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 上。
長期以來,,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為在蛋白復(fù)合物結(jié)構(gòu)的形成中,,基因的激活是通過一種高度協(xié)調(diào)的方式進(jìn)行的。不同的基因各自負(fù)責(zé)編碼一種蛋白,,然后一同構(gòu)成含有多種蛋白的蛋白復(fù)合物,。
“我們的這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)很讓人驚訝,”論文的通訊作者Robert Singer教授說,,“那些促使核糖體以及其他蛋白復(fù)合物中蛋白質(zhì)部分構(gòu)成的基因,,其表達(dá)過程完全不是協(xié)調(diào)進(jìn)行的,實(shí)際上,,這些基因各自之間沒有任何聯(lián)系,,因此我們稱這些基因?yàn)?lsquo;無痕’基因。”而這種“無痕”基因也被人們俗稱為持家基因(housekeeping genes),。
為了評(píng)估基因的協(xié)同表達(dá),,Singer與同事使用特定基因轉(zhuǎn)錄合成信使RNA分子,,并對(duì)信使RNA分子進(jìn)行了定量檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)與通過所有不相關(guān)基因轉(zhuǎn)錄合成的信使RNA分子一樣,,由持家基因轉(zhuǎn)錄合成的信使RNA分子也不具有協(xié)同性,。
通常情況下,基因會(huì)“保持沉默”,,只有在特殊環(huán)境下才能被誘導(dǎo)激活,,而持家基因由于使命特殊則必須24小時(shí)“待命”。研究人員通過實(shí)驗(yàn)還發(fā)現(xiàn),,其他被激活的基因協(xié)同性很好,,而“無痕”持家基因則相反。
“這項(xiàng)研究證明,,對(duì)像持家基因這樣的一類主要基因而言,,細(xì)胞對(duì)其協(xié)同表達(dá)的需求比先前認(rèn)為的要小得多,”論文第一作者Saumil Gandhi表示,,“這些基因的活躍具有隨意性,,一個(gè)基因在編碼的同時(shí),你完全不知道同組的另一個(gè)基因在干嘛,。而細(xì)胞以某種方式克服了這種隨意性,,使得蛋白復(fù)合物組裝成功。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology doi:10.1038/nsmb.1934
Transcription of functionally related constitutive genes is not coordinated
Saumil J Gandhi,Daniel Zenklusen,Timothée Lionnet& Robert H Singer
Expression of an individual gene can vary considerably among genetically identical cells because of stochastic fluctuations in transcription. However, proteins comprising essential complexes or pathways have similar abundances and lower variability. It is not known whether coordination in the expression of subunits of essential complexes occurs at the level of transcription, mRNA abundance or protein expression. To directly measure the level of coordination in the expression of genes, we used highly sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to count individual mRNAs of functionally related and unrelated genes within single Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Our results revealed that transcript levels of temporally induced genes are highly correlated in individual cells. In contrast, transcription of constitutive genes encoding essential subunits of complexes is not coordinated because of stochastic fluctuations. The coordination of these functional complexes therefore must occur post-transcriptionally, and likely post-translationally.