熱激蛋白90(Hsp90)家族是一類進化上非常保守的熱激蛋白,,廣泛存在于動植物和真菌中。作為一種重要的分子伴侶,,Hsp90參與多種生理過程,,如信號傳導、蛋白質(zhì)折疊和降解等,。Hsp90在細胞質(zhì),、線粒體、葉綠體和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)中都有分布,。此前的研究表明,,胞質(zhì)Hsp90在調(diào)控植物的生長發(fā)育、抗病耐逆過程,、緩沖遺傳變異等方面具有重要功能,,但已有的研究主要集中在擬南芥和煙草等雙子葉模式植物上,而在單子葉植物,,如小麥中尚未進行系統(tǒng)研究,。因此,對小麥胞質(zhì)Hsp90家族進行系統(tǒng)鑒定和生物學功能研究,,對深入認識小麥生長發(fā)育調(diào)控和抗病耐逆過程具有重要的理論意義,,對小麥品種改良也具有應用價值。
中國科學院遺傳與發(fā)育生物學研究所張相岐研究組和王道文研究組合作,,對小麥胞質(zhì)Hsp90基因家族進行了系統(tǒng)鑒定和功能分析,。首先,根據(jù)植物Hsp90基因保守序列設計引物,,通過PCR擴增和篩選普通小麥BAC文庫等方法獲得了9個胞質(zhì)Hsp90基因的cDNA和基因組DNA序列,。從結構上,這9個基因可明顯分為3組,,即TaHsp90.1,,TaHsp90.2和TaHsp90.3。染色體定位表明,,這3組TaHsp90基因分別位于第2,、7和5同源群染色體上,每組有3個成員,,分別來自A,、B和D基因組,據(jù)此將9個基因分別命名為TaHsp90.1-A1,、B1,、D1,,TaHsp90.2-A1、B1,、D1和TaHsp90.3-A1,、B1、D1,。同時,,通過同源克隆方法獲得了普通小麥A基因組的二倍體供體種烏拉爾圖小麥(T. urartu,AA),、D基因組的二倍體供體種粗山羊草(Ae. tauschii,,DD)和四倍體的野生二粒小麥(T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides,AABB)中的全部12個同源基因,。
進化分析顯示,,Hsp90.2和Hsp90.3兩組基因的親緣關系較近,在進化樹中處于一個分枝,,而Hsp90.1與其它兩組Hsp90基因的親緣關系相對較遠,,單獨處于一個分枝。暗示3組胞質(zhì)Hsp90可能已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了功能分化,。隨后,,利用病毒誘導的基因沉默(VIGS)實驗對3組Hsp90基因的功能進行了分析。結果表明,,降低TaHsp90.1基因的表達后,,小麥植株發(fā)育明顯遲緩,而部分沉默其它兩組基因對植株生長發(fā)育無明顯影響,,說明TaHsp90.1是小麥正常生長發(fā)育所必需的,。對通過VIGS分別降低了3組TaHsp90基因表達的抗條銹病小麥品種Suwon11植株接種小麥條銹菌小種Cy29,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)降低TaHsp90.2或TaHsp90.3表達的植株對條銹菌的抗性(HR)喪失,,淪為感病,,而降低TaHsp90.1表達的植株仍然保持對Cy29的良好抗性。說明TaHsp90.2和TaHsp90.3兩組基因具有抗小麥條銹病功能,。
該研究首次揭示了小麥胞質(zhì)Hsp90基因家族內(nèi)部的功能分化,并證實了不同組的基因分別具有調(diào)控生長發(fā)育或抗條銹病功能,。
該研究結果已于4月13日在《新植物學家》(New Phytologist)上在線發(fā)表,。張相岐實驗室的博士研究生王官鋒和魏學寧為該論文的共同第一作者,張相岐研究員和王道文研究員為共同通訊作者,。該研究得到了國家“轉基因生物新品種培育”科技重大專項的資助,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
New Phytologist DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03715.x
Molecular analysis of common wheat genes encoding three types of cytosolic heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90): functional involvement of cytosolic Hsp90s in the control of wheat seedling growth and disease resistance
Wang, Guan Feng; Wei, Xuening; Fan, Renchun; Zhou, Huanbin; Wang, Xianping; Yu, Chunmei; Dong, Lingli; Dong, Zhenying; Wang, Xiaojie; Kang, Zhensheng; Ling, Hongqing; Shen, Qian Hua; Wang, Daowen; Zhang, Xiangqi
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) molecular chaperones play important roles in plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli. However, little is known about the genes encoding Hsp90s in common wheat. Here, we report genetic and functional analysis of the genes specifying cytosolic Hsp90s in this species.?Three groups of homoeologous genes (TaHsp90.1, TaHsp90.2 and TaHsp90.3), encoding three types of cytosolic Hsp90, were isolated. The loci containing TaHsp90.1, TaHsp90.2 and TaHsp90.3 genes were assigned to groups 2, 7 and 5 chromosomes, respectively. TaHsp90.1 genes exhibited higher transcript levels in the stamen than in the leaf, root and culm. TaHsp90.2 and TaHsp90.3 genes were more ubiquitously transcribed in the vegetative and reproductive organs examined.?Decreasing the expression of TaHsp90.1 genes through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) caused pronounced inhibition of wheat seedling growth, whereas the suppression of TaHsp90.2 or TaHsp90.3 genes via VIGS compromised the hypersensitive resistance response of the wheat variety Suwon 11 to stripe rust fungus.?Our work represents the first systematic determination of wheat genes encoding cytosolic Hsp90s, and provides useful evidence for the functional involvement of cytosolic Hsp90s in the control of seedling growth and disease resistance in common wheat.