3月9日,,《科學(xué)》雜志上刊登了一項(xiàng)研究成果表明,,中山大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院教授賀雄雷領(lǐng)銜的團(tuán)隊(duì),近期在染色質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)如何調(diào)節(jié)DNA突變工作上取得重要進(jìn)展,,這也是近十年來中山大學(xué)首次以第一作者的身份在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表論文,。
據(jù)研究人員介紹,突變是生物演化的基礎(chǔ),,也是疾病發(fā)生的主要原因,。人類的遺傳物質(zhì)DNA由A、T,、C和G四種堿基組成,,其中C堿基很容易突變成為類似物堿基U,并引起一系列連鎖反應(yīng),,從而引起人類遺傳物質(zhì)的變異,。統(tǒng)計(jì)表明,,1/4的人類遺傳疾病是由上述突變引起,。因此,,關(guān)于該類突變?cè)诩?xì)胞內(nèi)是否或如何被調(diào)節(jié)是一個(gè)極具研究?jī)r(jià)值的問題,。
賀雄雷團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn),,真核生物細(xì)胞中核小體結(jié)構(gòu)可以抑制胞嘧啶C的水解脫氨,,從而降低胞嘧啶C到胸腺嘧啶T的突變,。這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了染色質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)遺傳核心事件——DNA突變的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制,,對(duì)于腫瘤發(fā)生機(jī)理的研究及防治提供了重要的參考價(jià)值,,并對(duì)理解核生物基因組結(jié)構(gòu)及生物進(jìn)化具有指導(dǎo)作用,。
另據(jù)悉,,賀雄雷2007年從美國(guó)密歇根大學(xué)博士畢業(yè)后,通過中山大學(xué)“百人計(jì)劃”引進(jìn)回國(guó),,并被聘為教授,。此后,他一直致力于染色體研究,,2010年分別以第一作者和通訊作者在國(guó)際期刊《自然—遺傳學(xué)》上發(fā)表論文兩篇,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1217580
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Nucleosomes Suppress Spontaneous Mutations Base-Specifically in Eukaryotes
Xiaoshu Chen, Zhidong Chen, Han Chen, Zhijian Su, Jianfeng Yang, Fangqin Lin, Suhua Shi, and Xionglei He
It is unknown how the composition and structure of DNA within the cell affect spontaneous mutations. Theory suggests that in eukaryotic genomes, nucleosomal DNA undergoes fewer C→T mutations because of suppressed cytosine hydrolytic deamination relative to nucleosome-depleted DNA. Comparative genomic analyses and a mutation accumulation experiment showed that nucleosome occupancy nearly eliminated cytosine deamination, resulting in an ~50% decrease of the C→T mutation rate in nucleosomal DNA. Furthermore, the rates of G→T and A→T mutations were also about twofold suppressed by nucleosomes. On the basis of these results, we conclude that nucleosome-dependent mutation spectra affect eukaryotic genome structure and evolution and may have implications for understanding the origin of mutations in cancers and in induced pluripotent stem cells.