遺傳毒性評價是藥物安全性評價研究中的一個關鍵環(huán)節(jié),不但是先導化合物早期毒性篩選的重要指標之一,,也是規(guī)范的藥物臨床前安全性評價研究中重要的評價方法和技術,,是判斷新藥能否進入臨床試驗的重要依據,。目前,,基于“早期發(fā)現,、早期評價”的理念,探索新的技術和方法,,尋找新的生物標志物,,是國際上藥物安全性評價遺傳毒性研究的趨勢和熱點。
近日,,上海藥物所安評中心博士研究生武元峰,在導師任進研究員指導下,,在欒洋,、戚新明、宮麗崑指導小組的帶領下,,發(fā)現了一個可能成為遺傳毒性生物標志物的功能未知基因,。首先通過基因芯片技術,比較給予多種已知的遺傳毒性化合物和非遺傳毒性化合物的小鼠肝臟基因表達譜的差異,,篩選到一個未知基因----BC005512,。應用生物信息學和數據庫檢索等方法,證實該基因屬于鼠內源性逆轉錄病毒(endogenous retrovirus,,ERV)中GLN家族的成員,。ERV具有重要的生理功能或與某些疾病如腫瘤和自身免疫性疾病等的發(fā)生相關。但至今為止,,關于GLN的一般特征和生物學功能,,以及與遺傳毒性的關系研究甚少。進一步,應用一系列遺傳毒性和分子生物學方法,,包括堿性彗星試驗,、微核以及g-H2AX表達等方法,以及應用毒理基因組學,、分子克隆,、流式細胞術及RNA干擾等先進技術方法,并結合生物信息學分析手段,,對GLN與遺傳毒性的關系及其生物學功能進行了深入的研究和探討,。
本研究首次報道了一個功能未知的基因----BC005512(GLN家族成員),它的表達水平可以特異地被遺傳毒性物質所誘導,,且與DNA損傷程度相關,。因此,與傳統(tǒng)遺傳毒性檢測手段相比,,具有較高的特異性和靈敏性,,為其發(fā)展成為可能的遺傳毒性生物標志物提供了重要的實驗依據。同時使用熒光素酶報告基因和RNA干擾方法首次揭示了該基因可以被p53調控,,是細胞增殖的正向調控因子,,有助于深入研究其生物學功能和ERV與宿主之間的相互作用。
這一研究成果,,標志著安評中心正從以動物實驗為主的傳統(tǒng)毒理學研究,,轉向以分子基因為靶點的現代毒理學研究。安評中心不但在藥物安全評價技術平臺上通過了OECD GLP資格認證,,達到了國際標準,,而且在藥物毒性機理研究中也得到了國際認可,在我國藥物安全評價和毒理機制研究領域中走在前列,。
這一研究成果已申請了專利(申請?zhí)枺?01110094397.1),,也得到了國家自然科學基金及國家科技重大專項的資助。2010年獲得第十二屆國際毒理學大會優(yōu)秀青年學者獎學金,。部分研究成果已于近期被PLoS ONE雜志在線接收,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035010
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Identification of BC005512 as a DNA Damage Responsive Murine Endogenous Retrovirus of GLN Family Involved in Cell Growth Regulation
Yuanfeng Wu1, Xinming Qi1, Likun Gong1, Guozhen Xing1, Min Chen1, Lingling Miao1, Jun Yao1, Takayoshi Suzuki2, Chie Furihata3, Yang Luan1*, Jin Ren1*
Genotoxicity assessment is of great significance in drug safety evaluation, and microarray is a useful tool widely used to identify genotoxic stress responsive genes. In the present work, by using oligonucleotide microarray in an in vivo model, we identified an unknown gene BC005512 (abbreviated as BC, official full name: cDNA sequence BC005512), whose expression in mouse liver was specifically induced by seven well-known genotoxins (GTXs), but not by non-genotoxins (NGTXs). Bioinformatics revealed that BC was a member of the GLN family of murine endogenous retrovirus (ERV). However, the relationship to genotoxicity and the cellular function of GLN are largely unknown. Using NIH/3T3 cells as an in vitro model system and quantitative real-time PCR, BC expression was specifically induced by another seven GTXs, covering diverse genotoxicity mechanisms. Additionally, dose-response and linear regression analysis showed that expression level of BC in NIH/3T3 cells strongly correlated with DNA damage, measured using the alkaline comet assay,. While in p53 deficient L5178Y cells, GTXs could not induce BC expression. Further functional studies using RNA interference revealed that down-regulation of BC expression induced G1/S phase arrest, inhibited cell proliferation and thus suppressed cell growth in NIH/3T3 cells. Together, our results provide the first evidence that BC005512, a member from GLN family of murine ERV, was responsive to DNA damage and involved in cell growth regulation. These findings could be of great value in genotoxicity predictions and contribute to a deeper understanding of GLN biological functions.