發(fā)表在最近一期的《公共科學(xué)圖書館—綜合》(PLoS ONE)上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),討厭還是喜歡豬肉做成的菜可能與個(gè)人體內(nèi)的OR7D4基因有關(guān),。
當(dāng)你在朋友家做客被招待一盤豬肉做的菜時(shí),,會(huì)不會(huì)對(duì)其發(fā)出的氣味感到厭惡呢?如果答案是肯定的,,那么不要過早判斷是豬肉存在問題,,根據(jù)美國(guó)科學(xué)家最新研究表明,其實(shí)出現(xiàn)這種情況很可能是人體內(nèi)的OR7D4基因在“作祟”,。
據(jù)英國(guó)《每日郵報(bào)》網(wǎng)站5月3日?qǐng)?bào)道,,人的鼻子和嘴巴內(nèi)存在嗅覺接受器,通過這些器官捕捉到氣味分子并把信息傳輸給大腦,、后者再將其轉(zhuǎn)換成嗅覺和味覺,,這樣人才能聞到不同的氣味、品嘗到不同的味道,。然而人類的基因也在進(jìn)化過程中發(fā)生了變異,,這就意味著不同的人有了不同的嗅覺,,有些人可以聞到的氣味其他人可能聞不到,例如豬肉中雄烯酮散發(fā)的氣味就是其中之一,。
為了證明氣味和食物選擇之間存在關(guān)系,,美國(guó)北卡羅來納州杜克大學(xué)的研究人員做了一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn),他們找來23名受試者,,其中10人是專業(yè)的“嗅覺分析師”,,也就是說不論他們面對(duì)的雄烯酮數(shù)量有多少,他們都會(huì)有反應(yīng),。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,體內(nèi)含有兩份OR7D4基因的受試者不喜歡聞到培根和豬肉做出來菜肴的味道,而擁有1份或者沒有這種基因的受試者可以忍受,、有的甚至喜歡豬肉的味道,。
這項(xiàng)研究文章的第一作者松波廣明(Hiroaki Matsunami)表示,該研究只揭開了這個(gè)謎題的一小部分,,但是它為嗅覺和食物選擇之間建立起聯(lián)系,,為將來研究提供了一個(gè)很好的方向。“當(dāng)然在品嘗食物過程中,,人們還會(huì)受到很多其它基因和要素的影響,,” 松波廣明說。
研究結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn)擁有某一特定變異OR7D4基因的人不易產(chǎn)生陣發(fā)饑餓感,,另一種變異基因與減肥效果有關(guān),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035259
PMC:
PMID:
Genetic Variation of an Odorant Receptor OR7D4 and Sensory Perception of Cooked Meat Containing Androstenone
Kathrine Lunde1,2*, Bj?rg Egelandsdal2, Ellen Skuterud1,2, Joel D. Mainland4¤, Tor Lea2, Margrethe Hersleth2,3, Hiroaki Matsunami4
Although odour perception impacts food preferences, the effect of genotypic variation of odorant receptors (ORs) on the sensory perception of food is unclear. Human OR7D4 responds to androstenone, and genotypic variation in OR7D4 predicts variation in the perception of androstenone. Since androstenone is naturally present in meat derived from male pigs, we asked whether OR7D4 genotype correlates with either the ability to detect androstenone or the evaluation of cooked pork tainted with varying levels of androstenone within the naturally-occurring range. Consistent with previous findings, subjects with two copies of the functional OR7D4 RT variant were more sensitive to androstenone than subjects carrying a non-functional OR7D4 WM variant. When pork containing varying levels of androstenone was cooked and tested by sniffing and tasting, subjects with two copies of the RT variant tended to rate the androstenone-containing meat as less favourable than subjects carrying the WM variant. Our data is consistent with the idea that OR7D4 genotype predicts the sensory perception of meat containing androstenone and that genetic variation in an odorant receptor can alter food preferences.