中科院蘇州納米技術(shù)與納米仿生研究所李炯課題組繼2011年在Nucleic Acids Research發(fā)表了首次實(shí)現(xiàn)常規(guī)小分子RNA(無(wú)修飾)的高通量非標(biāo)記芯片方法后,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)該方法也不受小分子RNA的3’末端甲基化影響,可以準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)上述被修飾的小分子RNA,;同時(shí)精確定量了商業(yè)化芯片中大量使用的Poly(A)聚合酶受3’末端甲基化的影響程度(甲基化小分子RNA的Poly(A)聚合酶反應(yīng)效率約為常規(guī)小分子RNA的1/24),。
此外,本非標(biāo)記芯片檢測(cè)方法還傳承發(fā)揚(yáng)了檢測(cè)無(wú)修飾小分子RNA的優(yōu)點(diǎn):1.高效識(shí)別小分子RNA末端的單堿基缺失,、冗余,,以及末端1-3位單堿基的差異,,這對(duì)常規(guī)芯片技術(shù)而言難以實(shí)現(xiàn),;2.高靈敏度,,檢測(cè)限為20 fM,檢測(cè)豐度跨4個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),,滿足生物體內(nèi)絕大多數(shù)小分子RNA的檢測(cè),;3.直接使用總RNA,無(wú)需預(yù)分離小分子RNA,,無(wú)需樣品標(biāo)記,,大幅度降低了檢測(cè)的時(shí)間和成本。
近年來(lái)研究表明,,多種小分子RNA都存在3’末端甲基化,,如植物中的miRNA、siRNA,、hc-siRNA(heterochromatic small interfering RNA),、ta-siRNA(trans-acting siRNA)和nat-siRNA(natural antisense short interfering RNA),昆蟲(chóng)中的siRNA和piRNA,,動(dòng)物中的piRNA,。這些小分子RNA的3’末端甲基化可以使其免受細(xì)胞中多種核酸外切酶、連接酶,、末端轉(zhuǎn)移酶,、聚合酶等可作用于核酸3’末端羥基的酶攻擊,從而保護(hù)小分子RNA的穩(wěn)定,。這些小分子RNA的3’末端甲基化盡管沒(méi)有改變核苷酸序列,,卻給現(xiàn)有的高通量檢測(cè)技術(shù)(芯片技術(shù)、測(cè)序技術(shù))帶來(lái)了極大的挑戰(zhàn),。因現(xiàn)有的商業(yè)化高通量檢測(cè)方法大多基于酶標(biāo)記或酶連接,,這些酶反應(yīng)都需要與小分子RNA的3’末端發(fā)生作用,而3’末端的甲基化會(huì)抑制酶反應(yīng)的效率,,最終導(dǎo)致檢測(cè)結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確(芯片方法通常為信號(hào)假陰性,,測(cè)序方法通常無(wú)法檢測(cè)到)。
上述的非標(biāo)記芯片檢測(cè)方法不僅解決了現(xiàn)有商業(yè)化產(chǎn)品檢測(cè)小分子RNA中遇到的瓶頸問(wèn)題,,為3’末端甲基化的小分子RNA高通量檢測(cè)提供了理想的解決方案,,并且能夠推動(dòng)甲基化小分子RNA的功能研究,為“表觀遺傳學(xué)”和“后基因組”研究發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn),。
小分子RNA,,包括siRNA(small interfering RNA)、miRNA(microRNA),、piRNA(piwi- interacting RNA)等,,多次被美國(guó)《科學(xué)》雜志評(píng)為“十大科技突破”和“十大科學(xué)進(jìn)展”,,是當(dāng)前生命科學(xué)研究的前沿?zé)狳c(diǎn)。大量實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)表明,,這些小分子RNA幾乎存在于所有的真核生物細(xì)胞中,,在調(diào)控基因表達(dá)、細(xì)胞周期,、生物體發(fā)育等方面起重要作用,。
該工作近期發(fā)表于Analytical Chemistry雜志上,得到中科院,、國(guó)家基金委及江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金委的大力支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1021/ac301360z
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Label-Free MicroRNA Profiling Not Biased by 3′ End 2′-O-Methylation
Ye Shen, Ke-xiao Zheng, Demin Duan, Li Jiang, and Jiong Li
Accurate quantification of miRNA expression level is essential to the study of its biology, and many cutting-edge technologies have been developed to accommodate this need. Yet most of them were designed primarily for the “regular” RNAs such as animal miRNAs and may overlook the fact that plant miRNAs and many other small noncoding RNAs are 2′-O-methylated at the 3′ end nucleotide. According to our experimental data and previous reports, this structural variation is detrimental to the effectiveness of the commonly used enzymatic labeling methods, leading to strongly biased results (24-fold difference). Herein, we demonstrate that our Stacking-Hybridized Universal Tag (SHUT) microarray assay is well suited for unbiased profiling of both normal and methylated small RNA species. The detected signals of small RNAs with 2′-hydroxyl and 2′-O-methyl 3′ ends are highly consistent (no significant difference at α = 0.01 level). For specificity, the presented method edges over others by its unique ability to discriminate single-base difference at or near the 5′ end. Notably, as compared to many delicate techniques, this enzyme-free and label-free approach requires much less reagent and manipulation, benefiting the SHUT-based applications with more efficient workflow and highly reproducible results.