瘦素是一種在能量代謝,、生育能力等多方面起關鍵作用的激素,,日前哥倫比亞大學醫(yī)學中心CUMC的一項新研究顯示,,瘦素還能夠調(diào)控呼吸道直徑,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于解釋過于肥胖的人容易患哮喘的原因,并提出抑制副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)信號的藥物能夠通過調(diào)節(jié)瘦素功能,,來緩解體重相關的哮喘,。這項研究在小鼠中進行,發(fā)表在Cell旗下的Cell Metabolism雜志上。
“我們的研究是基于,,在臨床觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn)肥胖癥和厭食癥都可能引起哮喘,,” CUMC醫(yī)學教授Gerard Karsenty說。“這樣的現(xiàn)象使我們推測,,應該有來自脂肪細胞的某種信號直接或間接的影響了肺部,。”而瘦素是最有可能的蛋白,它由脂肪細胞產(chǎn)生在血流中循環(huán)并能夠到達腦部,。
有大量證據(jù)顯示,,肥胖會導致呼吸道狹窄(bronchoconstriction),當哮喘病人患上肥胖癥時,,病情就會加劇并且會影響哮喘的治療,,只不過人們此前還并不清楚其中的機理。這項研究首次闡明了肥胖癥,、呼吸道直徑和肺部功能之間的分子關聯(lián),。
研究人員通過小鼠實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),,體重,、脂肪含量過高或過低都會導致呼吸道狹窄和肺部功能減弱,而且瘦素能夠增加呼吸道直徑,。研究顯示,,瘦素通過抑制副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的活性影響呼吸道,而這一系統(tǒng)并不經(jīng)常與瘦素聯(lián)系起來,。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)不論支氣管是否存在局部炎癥,,瘦素對呼吸道直徑的調(diào)控都會發(fā)生。
研究人員選擇肥胖且患有哮喘的小鼠,,對其施以增加肺部炎癥的藥物,。隨后他們向小鼠大腦注入瘦素四天,“這對于炎癥沒有影響,,但呼吸道直徑和肺部功能都恢復正常了,,” Dr. Karsenty說。“這說明我們可以在不影響炎癥的情況下,,在小鼠中治愈肥胖相關的哮喘,。”他們又用降低副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)信號傳導的藥物治療肥胖且哮喘的小鼠,數(shù)日后哮喘同樣得到了緩解,。
“這告訴我們,,用抑制副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)信號傳導的藥物來促進瘦素的作用,有望治療肥胖相關的哮喘癥,。” Dr. Karsenty說?,F(xiàn)實中也的確存在這樣的藥物,例如主要被用于診斷支氣管高反應性的methacholine等,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.004
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PMID:
Inhibition of Leptin Regulation of Parasympathetic Signaling as a Cause of Extreme Body Weight-Associated Asthma
Emilio Arteaga-Solis, Tiffany Zee, Charles W. Emala, Charles Vinson, Jürgen Wess, Gerard Karsenty
Impaired lung function caused by decreased airway diameter (bronchoconstriction) is frequently observed whether body weight is abnormally high or low. That these opposite conditions affect the airways similarly suggests that the regulation of airway diameter and body weight are intertwined. We show here that, independently of its regulation of appetite, melanocortin pathway, or sympathetic tone, leptin is necessary and sufficient to increase airway diameter by signaling through its cognate receptor in cholinergic neurons. The latter decreases parasympathetic signaling through the M3 muscarinic receptor in airway smooth muscle cells, thereby increasing airway diameter without affecting local inflammation. Accordingly, decreasing parasympathetic tone genetically or pharmacologically corrects bronchoconstriction and normalizes lung function in obese mice regardless of bronchial inflammation. This study reveals an adipocyte-dependent regulation of bronchial diameter whose disruption contributes to the impaired lung function caused by abnormal body weight. These findings may be of use in the management of obesity-associated asthma.